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引用次数: 0
摘要
本文阐述了Stanisław Lem小说中对火星的两种描述,以Czł; owiek z Marsa(《来自火星的人》,1946年)和《Ananke》(1971年)为代表,重点讨论了与文学传统和当代科学发现的联系,这有助于解释故事在其他方面难以解释的特征。关于《来自火星的人》,分析揭示了为什么莱姆决定偏离H.G.威尔斯为他的火星人设想的最初进化场景(《世界大战》仍然是莱姆处女作背后唯一可识别的灵感来源)。研究当代关于火星的天文发现(即:火星的大气层、水、植被或所谓的火星运河)对莱姆和其他当代作家的作品的影响,有助于解释为什么他决定在小说中包含两个相互矛盾的火星描述,但决定只直接向读者呈现其中一个。就“阿南克”而言,它的悲观情绪源于现实生活中对载人航天的短暂怀疑,以及水手计划早期发现的所谓红色星球的特征。
This article elaborates on two depictions of Mars in Stanisław Lem's fiction, represented in Człowiek z Marsa [The Man from Mars, 1946] and “Ananke” (1971), focusing on the ties to literary tradition and contemporary scientific findings, which helps explain otherwise inexplicable features of the stories. In regard to The Man from Mars, the analysis reveals why Lem has decided to depart from the original evolutionary scenario envisioned by H. G. Wells for his Martians (with The War of the Worlds remaining the sole identifiable inspiration behind Lem's debut). Examination of the influence that contemporary astronomical findings regarding Mars (namely: its atmosphere, water, vegetation, or alleged Martian canals) had on works of Lem and other contemporary writers helps explain why he decided to include two conflicting depictions of the planet within the novel, but decided to present the reader with only one of those directly. In the case of “Ananke,” its pessimism is rooted in a short period of real-life skepticism regarding manned spaceflight, and alleged characteristics of the Red Planet, derived from early findings of the Mariner program.