荷兰语动词强弱形式的语义差异

IF 1.8 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Cognitive Linguistics Pub Date : 2020-05-19 DOI:10.1515/cog-2019-0112
Isabeau De Smet, Freek Van de Velde
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引用次数: 4

摘要

与其他日耳曼语言一样,荷兰语也有两种表达过去时的策略:一种是强屈变(如rijden - reed“drive - drove”),另一种是弱屈变(如spelen - speelde“play - played”)。这种区别在很大程度上是由词汇决定的,因为每个动词都以两种屈折中的一种出现。从历时上看,这个系统是不断变化的,一些动词的弹性主要是由频率驱动的。同时,这可能会导致可变动词(例如,schuilen - schuilde/school ' hide - hid '或raden - raadde/ried ' guess - guessed ')。这项历时(1300-2000)语料库研究表明,这种变化不是偶然的,而是语义因素在起作用。我们看到了两个这样的影响。首先,在同步性上,这种变化以一种标志性的方式来表达方面:持续的意义倾向于用较长的动词形式来表达,准时的意义倾向于用较短的动词形式来表达。其次,我们看到隐喻意义与过时的屈折形式联系在一起,正如Kuryłowicz的“类推第四定律”所预测的那样。
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Semantic differences between strong and weak verb forms in Dutch
Abstract Dutch, like other Germanic languages, disposes of two strategies to express past tense: the strong inflection (e.g., rijden – reed ‘drive – drove’) and the weak inflection (spelen – speelde ‘play – played’). This distinction is for the most part lexically determined in that each verb occurs in one of the two inflections. Diachronically the system is in flux though, with the resilience of some verbs being mainly driven by frequency. Synchronically this might result in variable verbs (e.g., schuilen – schuilde/school ‘hide – hid’ or raden – raadde/ried ‘guess – guessed’). This diachronic (1300–2000) corpus study shows that this variation is not haphazard, but that semantic factors are at play. We see two such effects. First of all, synchronically, the variation is exapted in an iconic manner to express aspect: durative meanings tend to be expressed by longer verb forms and punctual meanings tend to be expressed by shorter verb forms. Secondly, we see that metaphorical meanings come to be associated within obsolescent inflectional forms, as predicted by Kuryłowicz’s “fourth law of analogy”.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
17.60%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: Cognitive Linguistics presents a forum for linguistic research of all kinds on the interaction between language and cognition. The journal focuses on language as an instrument for organizing, processing and conveying information. Cognitive Linguistics is a peer-reviewed journal of international scope and seeks to publish only works that represent a significant advancement to the theory or methods of cognitive linguistics, or that present an unknown or understudied phenomenon. Topics the structural characteristics of natural language categorization (such as prototypicality, cognitive models, metaphor, and imagery); the functional principles of linguistic organization, as illustrated by iconicity; the conceptual interface between syntax and semantics; the experiential background of language-in-use, including the cultural background; the relationship between language and thought, including matters of universality and language specificity.
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