精神病学与反精神病学:反对抗议的事实

S. Shafti
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摘要

事实上,精神病学与其他医学基本相似。它建立在做出可靠的诊断和应用基于证据的治疗的基础上,这些治疗的成功率与其他专业的治疗相当。精神病综合征可以定义为精神科医生常规治疗的疾病。精神科医生熟练掌握的疾病往往是那些表现为心理功能紊乱(思维、感知、情绪和记忆)的疾病,或者那些没有明显的有机基础的疾病。然而,科学发展告诉我们,这些所谓的心理疾病与大脑异常有关,就像所谓的医学疾病深受心理因素的影响一样。现代精神病学是一个不断发展的领域,它越来越不以医院为基础,越来越以证据为基础,也越来越以神经科学为基础。尽管如此,在过去的几十年里,随机的反精神病态度已经融合并变成了一种推测性的努力,这种努力也具有人文主义的外表。另一方面,一些同事的公开批评,包括知名的精神病学家或心理治疗师,从根本上煽动和强化了这场运动。无论如何,尽管由于现有的科学或诊断缺陷,对精神病学的各种批评或担忧,无论是作为科学的一个分支,还是作为医学的临床实践,都是可以理解的,但反精神病学的立场,包括许多基于一个世纪前发生的事情和原始条件的历史夸大,可能有助于让我们对自己的工作保持严谨和诚实,并激励我们不断寻求更好的诊断原型和管理标准。在本文中,除了精神病学的现有事实和预期责任外,还简要讨论了上述对抗性。
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Psychiatry vs. Antipsychiatry: Facts set against Protests
Psychiatry is, indeed, basically similar to the rest of medicine. It is based upon making reliable diagnoses and applying evidence - based treatments that have success rates comparable with those used in other specialties. Psychiatric syndromes may be defined as disorders that are conventionally treated with treatments used by psychiatrists. The illnesses in which psychiatrists have developed proficiency have tended to be those that either manifest with disordered psychological functioning (thinking, perception, emotion, and memory) or those which have no obviously established organic basis. However, scientific developments are showing us that these so - called psychological ailments are linked with abnormalities of the brain, just as so - called medical illnesses are deeply affected by psychological factors. Modern psychiatry is an evolving field that is becoming less hospital based, more evidence based, and more neuroscience based. Nonetheless, during the last decades, random antipsychiatry attitudes have amalgamated and turned into a conjectural effort, which has a humanistic appearance, too. On the other hand, publicized criticisms by some associates, including known psychiatrists or psychotherapists, have, radically, stirred and reinforced the movement. Anyway, though various criticisms or worries about psychiatry, either as a subdivision in science or as a clinical practice in medicine are understandable due to existing scientific or diagnostic deficits, anti-psychiatry stance, which comprises many historical exaggerations based on happenings and primitive conditions from a century ago, may help to keep us rigorous and honest about what we do and inspiring us to insistently seek better diagnostic prototypes and management standards. In the present article, the said antagonism, in addition to the existing facts and expected responsibilities of psychiatry has been discussed concisely.
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