Response of mammals to ecotourism, cattle farming, and habitat structure in the northern and southern Brazilian Pantanal

. The Pantanal, the world’s largest wetland, is a biodiversity hotspot and home to several threatened species. The growth and transition of the local economy are a major threat to the ecosystem, and sustainable income sectors need to be established. The local economy is based mainly on cattle farming, while ecotourism has recently become important. Our study was conducted in two subregions of the Brazilian Pantanal, the northern subregion Poconé in Mato Grosso and the southern subregion Nhecolandia in Mato Grosso do Sul. Our results indicate that the two main economic sectors, cattle farming and ecotourism, can support sustainable development when operated at a small scale. Traditional cattle farming had no negative effect on mammalian wildlife richness or abundance in either of our study areas, whereas ecotourism did not affect species abundance but did affect species richness in a few cases. These results are derived from a ten-month camera-trap study (middle of July to middle of October 2010, end of December 2012 to beginning of March 2013, and middle of August to end of November 2013) conducted in both subregions. The habitats at both of our study sites consisted of a mix of forest and grassland savanna, the most important factor to support high species diversity. Our study is part of an ongoing long-term Pantanal mammal monitoring project aiming to introduce sustainable management practices. desse ecossistema. Esse estudo está inserido em um projeto de longo prazo de monitoramento de mamíferos silvestres do Pantanal, com o objetivo de introduzir práticas de manejo sustentável. Palavras-chaves: áreas úmidas, antrópico, câmera uso de habitat, riqueza de espécies.