绘制天空和大陆图:拿破仑扩张时期(1799-1813)两份葡萄牙科学地图的制作

IF 0.4 4区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Culture & History Digital Journal Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI:10.3989/chdj.2021.020
I. Kantor, T. A. Haddad
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引用次数: 0

摘要

18世纪末,欧洲帝国地缘政治在多大程度上影响了科学知识的传播?当时的科学从业者被招募来完成越来越被认为对帝国行政运作至关重要的任务,矛盾的是,他们似乎正是利用这种对国家机构的侵犯来确保他们新生领域的某种程度的自主权。因此,科学信息流通的每一种物质形式最终都必须被理解为具有政治后果的行为。在这里,我们通过分析两件具体的科学文物来提出这些想法,这两件文物可以举例说明科学信息在帝国内部和帝国之间的流通:两本地图册,一本是陆地地图册,另一本是天体地图册(后者是弗拉姆斯特德1729年著名地图册的版本,通过法语中间版本),于19世纪之交在葡萄牙制作。我们摒弃了这种简单的假设,即这种制图文物可能对葡萄牙帝国管理具有“功利性”用途,我们的目标是坚持其政治和交流性质,基于他们参与知识、人员、实践的跨帝国传播途径的模式,以及科学权威的模型(在多个时间尺度上纠缠着英国、法国和美洲)。我们还强调了这些地图集如何有助于在葡萄牙肯定新的爱国科学,并探讨了这两个对象明显的说教性质,这也强调了招募和复制一种新型帝国精英的问题。
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Mapping Skies and Continents: The Production of Two Portuguese Scientific Atlases in the Era of Napoleonic Expansion (1799-1813)
To what extend the circulation of scientific knowledge was shaped by the European imperial geopolitics in the late-eighteenth century? Recruited to fulfill tasks increasingly considered essential to the very workings of imperial administrations, scientific practitioners of the time paradoxically seem to make use precisely of this encroachment in state apparatuses to secure some degree of autonomy for their nascent field. Thus, every material form of circulation of scientific information must be ultimately understood as an act of political consequences. Here we present these ideas through the analysis of two concrete scientific artifacts, which can exemplify the circulation of scientific information inside and across empires: two atlases, one terrestrial and one celestial (the latter being a version of Flamsteed’s famous atlas of 1729, by way of intermediate French editions), produced in Portugal at the turn of the nineteenth century. Discarding the simple assumption that such cartographic artifacts might have a “utilitarian” use to Portuguese imperial administration, we aim to insist on their political and communicative nature, grounded on their modes of participation in trans-imperial pathways of circulation of knowledge, people, practices, and models of scientific authority (entangling Britain, France, and the Americas in multiple time scales). We also highlight how the atlases contribute to the affirmation of new patriotic science in Portugal, and explore the markedly didactic vocation of both objects, which also stress the question of the recruitment and reproduction of a new kind of imperial elite.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
13
审稿时长
48 weeks
期刊介绍: Culture & History Digital Journal features original scientific articles and review articles, aimed to contribute to the methodological debate among historians and other scholars specialized in the fields of Human and Social Sciences, at an international level. Using an interdisciplinary and transversal approach, this Journal poses a renovation of the studies on the past, relating them and dialoguing with the present, breaking the traditional forms of thinking based on chronology, diachronic analysis, and the classical facts and forms of thinking based exclusively on textual and documental analysis. By doing so, this Journal aims to promote not only new subjects of History, but also new forms of addressing its knowledge.
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