艾滋病时代肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚和乌干达的药品生产

IF 1.3 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Sociology of Development Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI:10.1525/SOD.2019.5.2.115
Nitsan Chorev
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引用次数: 3

摘要

外国援助能帮助贫穷国家发展当地的工业生产吗?研究提供了一系列外国援助注定失败的原因。人类学家强调外国援助的剥削性质,而经济学家则强调国际项目的无能。本文从社会学角度分析了外援促进当地制造业发展和升级的具体条件。在对肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚和乌干达当地制药公司进行系统比较的基础上,我表明,当外援特别提供三种资源:市场、监督和指导时,外援有助于当地制药行业的发展和升级。当捐助者愿意购买当地药品时,他们就创造了市场,这给了当地企业家生产捐助者愿意购买的那种药品的动力。当捐助者将严格的标准作为进入这些市场的条件时,他们就激励了当地生产者提高产品质量。最后,当捐助者提供指导时,它使当地生产者能够达到更高的质量标准。然而,外国援助存在结构性限制,而且容易受到当地情况的影响;特别是国家能力是限制援助效力的重要因素。
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Making Medicines in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda in the AIDS Era
Can foreign aid help the development of local industrial production in poor countries? Studies offer a range of reasons why foreign aid is doomed to fail. Anthropologists highlight the exploitative nature of foreign assistance, while economists emphasize the incompetence of international programs. This paper offers a sociological analysis that identifies specific conditions under which foreign aid can lead to the development and upgrading of local manufacturing. Based on a systematic comparison of local pharmaceutical companies in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, I show that foreign aid contributed to the development and upgrading of a local pharmaceutical industry when it provided three resources in particular: markets, monitoring, and mentoring. When donors were willing to procure local drugs, they created markets, which gave local entrepreneurs an incentive to produce the kinds of drugs donors would buy. When donors enforced exacting standards as a condition to access those markets, they gave local producers an incentive to improve the quality of their products. Finally, when donors provided guidance, it enabled local producers to meet the higher quality standards. Foreign aid has structural limits, however, and it is vulnerable to local conditions; state capacity, in particular, is an important constraint on aid's effectiveness.
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来源期刊
Sociology of Development
Sociology of Development Social Sciences-Development
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
8.30%
发文量
14
期刊最新文献
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