Acute transaminitis as an atypical presentation of Graft-versus-Host Disease following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD) can present with mucocutaneous, gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations, specifically a cholestatic transaminitis. Rarely, some cases can present with only a hepatocellular transaminitis. Our patient presented with an acute hepatitis on day +90 post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant, without other overt manifestations of GVHD. The initial work up was negative for a viral etiology or causative drug, and the patient’s transaminases continued to rise. On day +96, an erythematous rash appeared with biopsy indicating lymphocytic and eosinophilic infiltrates concerning for cutaneous GVHD. Subsequently, a liver biopsy was obtained, and showed marked ductopenia with cholestasis, consistent with hepatic GVHD.