Multiphysics analysis for fluid–structure interaction of blood biological flow inside three-dimensional artery

Abstract With the development of simulation programs, it is necessary to simulate the problems that occur in the human body that are related to mechanical engineering. Whereas blood is a liquid with mechanical properties, the artery is a substance that also contains mechanical properties. Smoking increases blood viscosity, and this viscosity affects the velocity and blood pressure as well as the artery itself. In this research article, the effect of blood viscosity on the aorta will be studied because it is one of the main arteries of the heart and obtains blood flow in the artery. The blood’s kinetic equations were solved using the COMSOL program’s laminar processor, and fluid–structure interaction was utilized to connect the mechanics of motion with the stresses that affect the artery. In addition, the effect of viscosity on the deformation of the artery and its movement was studied, and the result showed that most of the blood does not reach the branches of the artery, where the speed of blood flow was 0.18 m/s at the value of the viscosity of 0.1 Pa s. The increase in viscoelasticity leads to an increase in pressure at the beginning of the carotid artery, which hinders the flow of blood. The velocity of blood flow decreases with the increase in viscosity, and this reduces pressure on the artery walls, as the stress on 0.1 Pa s was equal to 16,705 Pa s (m.124). An artery’s deformation is directly related to the stresses on it, and when the deformation goes down, the artery’s size goes down.