Implementation of gamification and bloom’s digital taxonomy-based assessment: a scale development study with mixed-methods sequential exploratory design

Purpose This study aims to construct a scale and identify the factors that might affect the implementation of gamification and Bloom's Digital Taxonomy-based assessment of students' learning, guided by the Goal-Setting Theory. Design/methodology/approach This study used a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design where data were collected qualitatively via interviews (n = 18) and field notes. Quantitative analysis was then applied via questionnaires (n = 96). Findings Four major themes emerged following thematic analysis of the observation notes and interview data: learning engagements; understandable learning goals; friendly competitions; and interactive learning feedback. A scale consisting of 32 items was developed based on the qualitative data. The quantitative data were then collected to evaluate the scale's factor structure using maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis with Promax factor rotation. The final version of the scale had 29 items. The authors verified the alpha coefficients for each element and the entire hierarchy, ranging from 0.94 to 0.98 for the factors. The total scale was determined to be 0.96, and the Item Content Validity Index was considered valid. Originality/value The scale developed in this study is expected to inform future research and guide educators who wish to incorporate contemporary digital pedagogies in a different context. This study could also be beneficial to researchers who aspire to perform research on Goal-Setting Theory in the educational context.