书评

IF 1.6 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Journal of Public Mental Health Pub Date : 2022-08-16 DOI:10.1108/jpmh-09-2022-158
J. Ashton
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To forecast outbursts of harmful plankton, make plans to avoid their occurrence or control their impact, requires a broad knowledge of the life cycles, ecology and behaviour of these organisms, the ecosystems in which they flourish, and the chemical, physical and biological factors that affect their abundance. To capture the complexity of the plankton within a single book is a difficult and daunting task. There are, in fact, generally very few published books on the ecology of plankton and none to my knowledge that deal with the use of plankton for water quality monitoring. Thus, this concise introductory book edited by Ian M. Suthers and David Rissik represents a useful addition to the existing literature by integrating general aspects of the ecology and taxonomy of key species of marine and freshwater plankton, with technical approaches and methodological guidelines on water quality monitoring. The different chapters draw from the knowledge and experience of a team composed chiefly of Australian scientists and government environmental managers. The book opens with a general introduction on the importance of plankton and the aims of the book. In Chapter 2, the editors provide a concise summary of the ecology of plankton, its associated environmental and water quality issues and its relevance as an environmental indicator. Chapter 3 presents selected real-life case studies, mainly from Australian coastal waters, which the editors use to illustrate how plankton can be used for monitoring water quality. Consistent and rigorous methodological approaches and appropriate sampling design are key to the success of any environmental survey. Thus, Chapter 4 gives guidelines on the best practice in sampling and monitoring, detailing how to design, implement and conduct meaningful phytoplankton and zooplankton monitoring programs in both marine and freshwater habitats. Accurate identification of plankton, particularly harmful species, can be difficult because many of these organisms are very small requiring skilful microscopy and familiarity with the widely scattered taxonomic literature. Therefore, Chapters 5–8, defined by the editors as the “core section” of this book, provide a comprehensive overview of the major freshwater and coastal marine phytoplankton and zooplankton groups. The book closes with Chapter 9 in which the editors consider how the use of mathematical models could aid in forecasting harmful plankton blooms and outbreaks. As the authors point out, the output of most of these sophisticated mathematical models is, however, often controversial because such models cannot replicate the complexity of an ecosystem and it depends on the numerical approach used. They are also difficult to implement requiring mathematical skills very often beyond the reach of many scientists let alone water managers and government officials. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

浮游生物是水生食物网和渔业的基础,具有重要的生态和经济意义。尽管如此,几种浮游植物和水母对人类健康和海洋生物构成威胁,因为它们会产生强效毒素或造成其他有害影响,如缺氧和鱼鳃堵塞。在过去的一个世纪里,有害浮游生物增加的报道越来越频繁。尽管这在一定程度上可能是由于公众意识的提高和媒体的关注,但这种增长似乎是真实的,其对全球渔业和旅游业的成本每年高达数百万美元。要预测有害浮游生物的爆发,制定避免其发生或控制其影响的计划,需要对这些生物的生命周期、生态和行为、它们生长的生态系统以及影响其丰度的化学、物理和生物因素有广泛的了解。在一本书中捕捉浮游生物的复杂性是一项艰巨而艰巨的任务。事实上,关于浮游生物生态学的出版书籍通常很少,据我所知,也没有一本涉及利用浮游生物监测水质的书籍。因此,这本由Ian M.Suthers和David Rissik编辑的简明入门书是对现有文献的有益补充,它将海洋和淡水浮游生物关键物种的生态学和分类学的一般方面与水质监测的技术方法和方法指南相结合。不同的章节借鉴了一个主要由澳大利亚科学家和政府环境管理人员组成的团队的知识和经验。本书以浮游生物的重要性和本书的目的作为开篇。在第2章中,编辑们简要总结了浮游生物的生态学、相关的环境和水质问题及其作为环境指标的相关性。第3章介绍了精选的真实案例研究,主要来自澳大利亚沿海水域,编辑们用这些案例来说明浮游生物如何用于监测水质。一致和严格的方法和适当的抽样设计是任何环境调查成功的关键。因此,第4章给出了采样和监测的最佳实践指南,详细说明了如何在海洋和淡水栖息地设计、实施和实施有意义的浮游植物和浮游动物监测计划。准确识别浮游生物,特别是有害物种可能很困难,因为这些生物中的许多都很小,需要熟练的显微镜检查和熟悉广泛分布的分类学文献。因此,编辑们将第5-8章定义为本书的“核心部分”,全面概述了主要的淡水和沿海海洋浮游植物和浮游动物群。本书以第9章结尾,编辑们在第9章中考虑了数学模型的使用如何有助于预测有害的浮游生物繁殖和爆发。然而,正如作者所指出的,大多数复杂数学模型的输出往往是有争议的,因为这些模型无法复制生态系统的复杂性,这取决于所使用的数值方法。它们也很难实施,需要数学技能,这往往超出了许多科学家的能力范围,更不用说水资源管理人员和政府官员了。因此,我认为这本书中缺乏的是传统上用于研究群落结构和多样性变化的更简单但仍然有用的数值方法的例子,如生物指数(如Shannon–Wiener指数、Pielou指数)和多元分析。在一本范围如此之广的书中,很难保持一致和准确,这本书也不是
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Book review
Plankton is of great ecological and economic importance as it is at the base of aquatic food webs and fisheries. Nonetheless, several species of phytoplankton and jellyfish represent a hazard to human health and marine life, as they produce potent toxins or cause other noxious effects, such as anoxia and clogging of fish gills. Over the past century, reports of harmful plankton increases have become more frequent. Although this may be in part attributable to greater awareness of the public and attention from the media, it seems that this increase is real and its cost to the fishing and tourism industry amounts to many millions of dollars per year world-wide. To forecast outbursts of harmful plankton, make plans to avoid their occurrence or control their impact, requires a broad knowledge of the life cycles, ecology and behaviour of these organisms, the ecosystems in which they flourish, and the chemical, physical and biological factors that affect their abundance. To capture the complexity of the plankton within a single book is a difficult and daunting task. There are, in fact, generally very few published books on the ecology of plankton and none to my knowledge that deal with the use of plankton for water quality monitoring. Thus, this concise introductory book edited by Ian M. Suthers and David Rissik represents a useful addition to the existing literature by integrating general aspects of the ecology and taxonomy of key species of marine and freshwater plankton, with technical approaches and methodological guidelines on water quality monitoring. The different chapters draw from the knowledge and experience of a team composed chiefly of Australian scientists and government environmental managers. The book opens with a general introduction on the importance of plankton and the aims of the book. In Chapter 2, the editors provide a concise summary of the ecology of plankton, its associated environmental and water quality issues and its relevance as an environmental indicator. Chapter 3 presents selected real-life case studies, mainly from Australian coastal waters, which the editors use to illustrate how plankton can be used for monitoring water quality. Consistent and rigorous methodological approaches and appropriate sampling design are key to the success of any environmental survey. Thus, Chapter 4 gives guidelines on the best practice in sampling and monitoring, detailing how to design, implement and conduct meaningful phytoplankton and zooplankton monitoring programs in both marine and freshwater habitats. Accurate identification of plankton, particularly harmful species, can be difficult because many of these organisms are very small requiring skilful microscopy and familiarity with the widely scattered taxonomic literature. Therefore, Chapters 5–8, defined by the editors as the “core section” of this book, provide a comprehensive overview of the major freshwater and coastal marine phytoplankton and zooplankton groups. The book closes with Chapter 9 in which the editors consider how the use of mathematical models could aid in forecasting harmful plankton blooms and outbreaks. As the authors point out, the output of most of these sophisticated mathematical models is, however, often controversial because such models cannot replicate the complexity of an ecosystem and it depends on the numerical approach used. They are also difficult to implement requiring mathematical skills very often beyond the reach of many scientists let alone water managers and government officials. Therefore, something which I think is lacking in this book are examples of, simpler but nevertheless useful, numerical methods traditionally employed to investigate changes in community structure and diversity such as biological indices (e.g. Shannon–Wiener index, Pielou’s index) and multivariate analysis. In a book of such wide scope, it is difficult to remain consistent and accurate and this work is not an
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来源期刊
Journal of Public Mental Health
Journal of Public Mental Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
7.10%
发文量
32
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