The Crisis of Labor Migration during the Russia-Ukraine War

likely to lead to continued mass internal displacement—to the western and central regions of the country—after the end of hostili-ties. This will inevitably create problems associated with a lack of jobs, housing, social infrastructure, and so on in these territories, 2 as well as a dearth of labor for the task of rebuilding. One estimate is that the long-term nature of military operations and their spreading to other regions of Ukraine may cause a large number of those who left the country—many of working age—to choose never to return. Furthermore, about 1 million Ukrainians have been forcibly removed to remote territories of the Russian Federation, and it will be very difficult to bring them back. The millions of internally displaced persons in