向日葵花蜜的基因型和环境效应及其与作物授粉的关系

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Journal of Pollination Ecology Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI:10.26786/1920-7603(2023)719
J. Prasifka, Beth Ferguson, K. Fugate
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引用次数: 1

摘要

无论是由基因型(G)还是环境(E)引起,花的性状变异都会对植物及其传粉昆虫产生影响。栽培向日葵是探索花性状变异的模式系统;尽管向日葵是为了自我授粉而培育的,但蜜蜂授粉的好处仍然很大。为了更好地了解向日葵与传粉昆虫的相互作用,进行了以下实验:(i)在受控条件下检查基因型和环境对花蜜数量和质量的影响,以及(ii)评估用于排除传粉昆虫的袋子对田间环境中花蜜数量、质量和蜜蜂觅食的影响。对比温度处理(28°C、21°C、28°C/16°C)揭示了环境效应或G×E相互作用对花蜜体积(µl/小花)、浓度(°Brix)和糖成分(%蔗糖)的影响。用于排除向日葵授粉者的袋子比蜜蜂不受限制进入的植物(=开放授粉)的花蜜量更大,并且在袋子被移除后,野生蜜蜂的访问量增加了约5倍。在移袋后的2小时内,蜜蜂造访先前装袋的植物与从未装袋的植株的差异有所减少。尽管向日葵花蜜的遗传变异受到环境和G×E相互作用的影响,但通过植物育种改善授粉似乎仍然可行。未来对花粉奖励的种内变异的研究可能会有所帮助,尤其是因为与花蜜相比,花粉几乎没有得到研究。对于花蜜或花粉的研究,似乎希望用不依赖传粉昆虫排斥的方法(袋或笼)来衡量花朵的回报,这应该能提供更真实的数据,说明传粉昆虫在觅食时的经历。
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Genotype and environment effects on sunflower nectar and their relationships to crop pollination
Whether caused by genotype (G) or environment (E), floral trait variation has consequences for plants and their pollinators. Cultivated sunflower is a model system to explore floral trait variation; though sunflowers are bred to self-pollinate, benefits of pollination by bees remain substantial. To better understand sunflower-pollinator interactions, experiments were conducted to: (i) examine genotype and environment effects on nectar quantity and quality under controlled conditions, and (ii) assess effects of bags used for pollinator exclusion on nectar quantity, quality and bee foraging in a field environment. Contrasting temperature treatments (28°C, 21°C, 28°C / 16°C) reveal environment effects or G × E interactions for nectar volume (µl / floret), concentration (°Brix), and sugar composition (% sucrose). Bags used to exclude sunflower pollinators resulted in nectar volumes greater than plants with unrestricted access for bees (= open-pollination), and in ≈ 5-fold increased visitation by wild bees after bags were removed. Differences in bee visits to plants that were previously bagged versus plants never bagged decreased over the 2 h following bag removal. Though genetic variation in sunflower nectar is affected by the environment and G × E interactions, improving pollination via plant breeding still appears feasible. Future research on intraspecific variation in pollen rewards could be helpful, especially because pollen has received little research compared to nectar. For research with nectar or pollen, it seems desirable to measure floral rewards with methods that don’t rely on pollinator exclusion (bags or cages), which should provide more realistic data on what pollinators experience while foraging.
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来源期刊
Journal of Pollination Ecology
Journal of Pollination Ecology Environmental Science-Ecology
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
17
审稿时长
17 weeks
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