Energy balanced adaptive clustering routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the main problem is how to design an energy-efficient routing protocol, but one of the bottlenecks is that in WSNs energy is limited. Owing the current cluster routing protocols unconsidered node location and adopted single hop routing mechanism in routing communication in heterogeneous (WSNs), so that a large number of cluster heads that are far away from the base station will consume a large amount of energy. In this paper, an energy balanced adaptive clustering routing protocol is proposed for heterogeneous WSNs, and node location and residual energy are considered to improve the cluster-heads elected mechanism, which increases the probability to become cluster heads that the nodes are close to the base station and have high residual energy. In addition, the protocol uses an adaptive routing communication mechanism combining multi-hop with single-hop to balance the network energy consumption. Theoretical and simulation results show that compared with DEEC and SEP, the protocol can prolong the lifetime of the network and increase the network throughput obviously.