{"title":"离子聚合物金属复合材料的电化学-孔隙力学:致动与传感的精确有限元建模","authors":"Andrea Panteghini, Lorenzo Bardella","doi":"10.1007/s10659-023-09990-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) consist of an electroactive polymeric membrane, which is plated with metal electrodes and includes a fluid phase of ions in a solvent, whose diffusion allows for actuation and sensing applications. We build on a previous finite-deformation theory of our group that accounts for the cross-diffusion of ions and solvent and couples the mass balances of these species with the stress balance and the Gauss law. Here, we abandon the assumption that the fluid phase is a <i>dilute</i> solution, with benefits on both modelling and computation. A reliable finite element (FE) implementation of electrochemomechanical theories for IPMCs is challenging because the IPMC behaviour is governed by boundary layers (BLs) occurring in tiny membrane regions adjacent to the electrodes, where steep gradients of species concentrations occur. We address this issue by adopting the generalized FE method to discretise the BLs. This allows unprecedented analyses of the IPMC behaviour since it becomes possible to explore it under external actions consistent with applications, beside obtaining accurate predictions with a reasonable computational cost. Hence, we provide novel results concerning the influence of the membrane permittivity on the species profiles at the BLs. Additionally, by leveraging on the mobility matrix, we establish that the initial peak deflection in actuation strongly depends on the constitutive equations for the species transport and discuss the predictions of some experimental results from the literature. Overall, we demonstrate the potential of the proposed model to be an effective tool for the thorough analysis and design of IPMCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10659-023-09990-z.pdf","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Electrochemo-poromechanics of Ionic Polymer Metal Composites: Towards the Accurate Finite Element Modelling of Actuation and Sensing\",\"authors\":\"Andrea Panteghini, Lorenzo Bardella\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10659-023-09990-z\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) consist of an electroactive polymeric membrane, which is plated with metal electrodes and includes a fluid phase of ions in a solvent, whose diffusion allows for actuation and sensing applications. We build on a previous finite-deformation theory of our group that accounts for the cross-diffusion of ions and solvent and couples the mass balances of these species with the stress balance and the Gauss law. Here, we abandon the assumption that the fluid phase is a <i>dilute</i> solution, with benefits on both modelling and computation. A reliable finite element (FE) implementation of electrochemomechanical theories for IPMCs is challenging because the IPMC behaviour is governed by boundary layers (BLs) occurring in tiny membrane regions adjacent to the electrodes, where steep gradients of species concentrations occur. We address this issue by adopting the generalized FE method to discretise the BLs. This allows unprecedented analyses of the IPMC behaviour since it becomes possible to explore it under external actions consistent with applications, beside obtaining accurate predictions with a reasonable computational cost. Hence, we provide novel results concerning the influence of the membrane permittivity on the species profiles at the BLs. Additionally, by leveraging on the mobility matrix, we establish that the initial peak deflection in actuation strongly depends on the constitutive equations for the species transport and discuss the predictions of some experimental results from the literature. Overall, we demonstrate the potential of the proposed model to be an effective tool for the thorough analysis and design of IPMCs.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":624,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Elasticity\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-02-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10659-023-09990-z.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Elasticity\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10659-023-09990-z\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Elasticity","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10659-023-09990-z","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrochemo-poromechanics of Ionic Polymer Metal Composites: Towards the Accurate Finite Element Modelling of Actuation and Sensing
Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) consist of an electroactive polymeric membrane, which is plated with metal electrodes and includes a fluid phase of ions in a solvent, whose diffusion allows for actuation and sensing applications. We build on a previous finite-deformation theory of our group that accounts for the cross-diffusion of ions and solvent and couples the mass balances of these species with the stress balance and the Gauss law. Here, we abandon the assumption that the fluid phase is a dilute solution, with benefits on both modelling and computation. A reliable finite element (FE) implementation of electrochemomechanical theories for IPMCs is challenging because the IPMC behaviour is governed by boundary layers (BLs) occurring in tiny membrane regions adjacent to the electrodes, where steep gradients of species concentrations occur. We address this issue by adopting the generalized FE method to discretise the BLs. This allows unprecedented analyses of the IPMC behaviour since it becomes possible to explore it under external actions consistent with applications, beside obtaining accurate predictions with a reasonable computational cost. Hence, we provide novel results concerning the influence of the membrane permittivity on the species profiles at the BLs. Additionally, by leveraging on the mobility matrix, we establish that the initial peak deflection in actuation strongly depends on the constitutive equations for the species transport and discuss the predictions of some experimental results from the literature. Overall, we demonstrate the potential of the proposed model to be an effective tool for the thorough analysis and design of IPMCs.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Elasticity was founded in 1971 by Marvin Stippes (1922-1979), with its main purpose being to report original and significant discoveries in elasticity. The Journal has broadened in scope over the years to include original contributions in the physical and mathematical science of solids. The areas of rational mechanics, mechanics of materials, including theories of soft materials, biomechanics, and engineering sciences that contribute to fundamental advancements in understanding and predicting the complex behavior of solids are particularly welcomed. The role of elasticity in all such behavior is well recognized and reporting significant discoveries in elasticity remains important to the Journal, as is its relation to thermal and mass transport, electromagnetism, and chemical reactions. Fundamental research that applies the concepts of physics and elements of applied mathematical science is of particular interest. Original research contributions will appear as either full research papers or research notes. Well-documented historical essays and reviews also are welcomed. Materials that will prove effective in teaching will appear as classroom notes. Computational and/or experimental investigations that emphasize relationships to the modeling of the novel physical behavior of solids at all scales are of interest. Guidance principles for content are to be found in the current interests of the Editorial Board.