Mechanical and thermal characterization of phase change material and high-density polyethylene functional composites for thermal energy storage

Phase-change materials (PCMs) can be used to develop thermal energy storage systems as they absorb large amount of latent heat at nearly a constant temperature when changing phase from solid to a liquid. To prevent leakage when in a liquid state, PCM is shape stabilized in a polymer matrix of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The present research explores the injection-molded mechanical and thermal properties of different PCM/HDPE composite ratios to serve as a comparable foundation for PCM/HDPE composites that are 3D printed using fused filament fabrication (FFF). The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity at room temperature and with the PCM fully melted within the composite are measured. Additionally, the hardness, latent heat of fusion, phase-change temperature, and thermal conductivity are investigated. An analysis of microstructures of the composite is used to support the findings. The PCM within the PCM/HDPE composite gives it the benefit of thermal storage but causes a decrease in mechanical properties.