大型入侵生态系统中上层食物网的相互作用:重新引入本地顶级捕食者的意义

IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q3 FISHERIES Ecology of Freshwater Fish Pub Date : 2023-02-12 DOI:10.1111/eff.12706
Adam G. Hansen, Allison McCoy, Gary P. Thiede, David A. Beauchamp
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引用次数: 0

摘要

一系列的物种引进、过度开发和生境改造导致了拉洪坦切喉鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi;LCT),历史上的顶级掠食者,来自美国加州-内华达州的太浩湖。评估LCT限制因素的研究强调有必要阐明食物网相互作用,但关于非本土远洋鱼类和无脊椎动物之间的营养相互作用的重要知识差距仍然存在。我们对浮游动物的丰度和消费需求进行了量化,重点研究了红豆鱼(Oncorhynchus nerka)和洪斑鲷(Mysis diluviana)。我们将这些新信息与湖鳟鱼(Salvelinus namaycush)的现有信息综合起来。桡足类的季节性供应满足了kokanee的消费需求,但只支持较低的摄食和生长速度。Kokanee严重依赖Mysis作为猎物,这是一个不寻常的结果。myysis最初表现出高度的食草性,随后体型较大的个体对桡足类动物的消耗增加。在桡足类动物的消费需求在所有季节都超过了kokanee。Mysis贡献了625毫米以下湖鳟鱼年度能量预算的50%以上。湖鳟鱼和科卡尼鱼对Mysis的消费与Mysis的生产相比是死亡率的一个重要来源。对kokanee的捕食是可持续的,只涉及625毫米的湖鳟鱼,并且集中在产卵前聚集。尽管有以mysis为燃料的湖鳟鱼存在,但科卡尼仍然存在;当考虑到kokanee对非本地湖鳟鱼和其他地方观察到的Mysis的负面反应时,这是一个值得注意的模式。这种模式表明,在被入侵的太浩湖生态系统中,LCT可能仍然有一个有效的生态位。
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Pelagic food web interactions in a large invaded ecosystem: Implications for reintroducing a native top predator

A series of species introductions, overexploitation, and habitat modification preceded the extirpation of Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi; LCT), historically the apex predator, from Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, USA. Studies evaluating limiting factors for LCT emphasise the need to elucidate food web interactions, yet important knowledge gaps regarding trophic interactions among nonnative pelagic fishes and invertebrates remain. We quantified the abundance and consumption demand of planktivores with an emphasis on kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) and Mysis diluviana. We synthesised this new information with existing information for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). The seasonal supply of copepods satisfied the consumption demand of kokanee, but only supported low feeding and growth rates. Kokanee relied heavily on Mysis as prey, an unusual result. Mysis exhibited a high degree of herbivory initially followed by heavier consumption on copepods by larger individuals. Consumption demand for Mysis on copepods exceeded that of kokanee during all seasons. Mysis contributed to over 50% of the annual energy budget for lake trout up to 625 mm. Consumption of Mysis by lake trout and kokanee represented a significant source of mortality when compared to the production of Mysis. Predation on kokanee was sustainable, only involved lake trout >625 mm, and was focused on prespawning aggregations. Despite the presence of Mysis-fueled lake trout, kokanee have persisted; a noteworthy pattern when considering the negative responses of kokanee to nonnative lake trout and Mysis observed elsewhere. This pattern suggests that there may still be an effective niche for LCT in the invaded Lake Tahoe ecosystem.

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来源期刊
Ecology of Freshwater Fish
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 农林科学-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
45
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Ecology of Freshwater Fish publishes original contributions on all aspects of fish ecology in freshwater environments, including lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and streams. Manuscripts involving ecologically-oriented studies of behavior, conservation, development, genetics, life history, physiology, and host-parasite interactions are welcomed. Studies involving population ecology and community ecology are also of interest, as are evolutionary approaches including studies of population biology, evolutionary ecology, behavioral ecology, and historical ecology. Papers addressing the life stages of anadromous and catadromous species in estuaries and inshore coastal zones are considered if they contribute to the general understanding of freshwater fish ecology. Theoretical and modeling studies are suitable if they generate testable hypotheses, as are those with implications for fisheries. Manuscripts presenting analyses of published data are considered if they produce novel conclusions or syntheses. The journal publishes articles, fresh perspectives, and reviews and, occasionally, the proceedings of conferences and symposia.
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