为满足采矿业的需要而经济地合金化钢

V. Shalomeev, O. Liutova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

据证实,由于铸件耐用性低,球磨机的停机时间占停机总时间的70%…80%,而材料损坏估计为数十万格里夫纳。这些磨机最薄弱的单元之一是耳蜗给料机的卸料格栅和铲斗,其耐用性分别达到5.5…6个月和1.0…1.5个月,磨机其他部分的运行资源为9…12个月。对MSHR光栅和勺的操作条件进行分析后发现,这些部件的操作持续时间和机械性能主要取决于制造它们的材料。具有高塑性和韧性水平的钢(35GFL、35HNL、34HNML等)由于强度、硬度低而耐磨性不足。具有高硬度和强度(60Kh2SML)的材料具有较低的冲击韧性,这是由于零件故障导致磨机紧急停机的原因。对钢包和光栅的机械性能的分析已经确定了这些零件所需的性能水平;σВ≥850兆帕;НВ≥2600МPa;δ≥8%;Ψ≥20%,KCU≥0.20 MJ/m2。研究了不同含碳量下,硅浓度的变化对含1.5%铬和0.40%锰的钢的力学性能和耐磨性的影响。随着硅含量的增加,强度和硬度指标增加。硅对钢的塑性性能、冲击强度和耐磨性的影响是非线性的,在这种情况下,锰含量为0.9%,不仅塑性性能和韧性单调下降,耐磨性也单调下降。这可以解释为,随着钢中锰含量的增加,过冷奥氏体的偏析不均匀性和稳定性增加,导致正火后形成马氏体状结构。结果表明,在磨料磨损和冲击载荷相结合的条件下生产铸件时,建议观察硅与碳的比例为2.0…2.5。通过对实验进行数学规划,可以获得充分描述钢成分对其机械和操作性能影响的模型。根据从«STATISTICA»软件包中获得的数据处理,提出了一种耐磨的经济合金钢,其成分如下:0.45…0.50%碳;1.7…2.0%铬;0.5%…0.7%的锰;1.2…1.5%的硅。将这种钢成分用于制造蜗牛给料机的卸载格栅和铲斗,可以通过提高性能将其使用寿命提高1.5倍,从而减少球磨机的维护周期,从而提高经济效率。关键词:球磨机,合金钢,数学模型,结构,力学性能。
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Economically alloyed steel for the needs of the mining industry
It has been established that the downtime of ball mills due to the low durability of cast parts is 70...80 % of the total number of downtime, while material damage is estimated in hundreds of thousands of hryvnia. One of the weakest units of these mills are the discharge grids and scoops of the cochlear feeder, the durability of which reaches 5.5...6 months and 1.0...1.5 months, respectively, with the resource of operation of other parts of the mill 9...12 months. As a result of the analysis of the operating conditions of the gratings and scoops of the MSHR, it was found that the duration of operation and the mechanical properties of these parts depend mainly on the material from which they are made. Steel with a high level of plasticity and toughness (35GFL, 35HNL, 34HNML, etc.) had insufficient wear resistance due to low strength, hardness. Materials with a high level of hardness and strength (60Kh2SML) had a low impact toughness, which was the reason for emergency shutdowns of the mills as a result of breakdowns of parts. The analysis of the mechanical properties of ladles and gratings has established the required level of properties of these parts; σВ ≥ 850 MPa; НВ ≥ 2600 МPa; δ ≥ 8 %; Ψ ≥ 20 %, KCU ≥ 0,20 MJ/m2. The effect of changing the silicon concentration on the mechanical properties and wear resistance of steel containing 1.5% chromium and 0.40% manganese with different carbon contents has been studied. With an increase in the silicon content, the strength and hardness indicators increase. The effect of silicon on the plastic properties of steel, impact strength and wear resistance is nonlinear, with 0.9% manganese in this case, a monotonic decrease is observed not only in plastic properties and toughness, but also in wear resistance. This is explained by the fact that with an increase in the manganese content in steel, the segregation heterogeneity and stability of supercooled austenite increase, leading, after normalization, to the formation of a martensite-like structure. It is shown that in the production of castings operating under conditions of abrasive wear in combination with shock loads, it is advisable to observe the ratio of silicon to carbon 2.0...2.5. Mathematical planning of the experiment made it possible to obtain models that adequately describe the effect of the composition of steel on the level of its mechanical and operational properties. Based on the processing of the data obtained from the «STATISTICA» software package, a wear-resistant economically alloyed steel of the following composition was proposed: 0.45...0.50 % carbon; 1.7...2.0 % chromium; 0.5...0.7 % manganese; 1.2...1.5 % silicon. The use of such a composition of steel for the manufacture of unloading gratings and scoops of snail feeder allowed to increase their service life by 1.5 times by improving performance, and, consequently, reduce the maintenance cycle of ball mills, which increased economic efficiency. Keywords: ball grinding mill, alloy steel, mathematic modeling, structure, mechanical properties.
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