Decompositionalization and Partial Recompositionalization: The Emergence of by the Same Token as a Polyfunctional Discourse Marker

This paper documents the constructionalization of by the same token. Originally, the word same in this phrase did not encode similarity but functioned as an identification emphasizer and a marker of syntactic dependency between the evidential noun token and the clause that followed it. By the same token then acted as a complex subordinator introducing a justification. The data suggest that two non-compositional uses developed from the evidential subordinator during the seventeenth century: a digressive discourse marker and a subordinator combining high degree and consequence. Faced with polysemy and lack of transparency, speakers/hearers then reintroduced some compositionality to the phrase by assigning to same the meaning of similarity that it had elsewhere. From this partial recompositionalization stems today’s elaborative discourse marker. Originally used to connect two consequences of the same premise, it then extended its connective value. It is now polyfunctional and is even often used to connect two contrasting statements. There are signs that it is now often treated by speakers as a member of a constructional network of adversative discourse markers.