克里米亚可汗沙欣·吉雷(1777-1783):伊斯兰世界的第一位现代化者及其在帝国和少数民族视角中的形象

IF 0.5 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI:10.1163/15685209-12341603
Golda Akhiezer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

克里米亚半岛最后一位鞑靼可汗沙欣·吉雷生活在俄罗斯帝国吞并奥斯曼宗主国的时期。他是历史上第一位试图引入基于当代欧洲模式的现代化计划的穆斯林统治者,他的改革涉及鞑靼社会的各个领域。尽管他与俄罗斯帝国合作,但俄罗斯史学界普遍对这位可汗持批评态度,并对他的改革持怀疑态度。奥斯曼历史学家认为沙欣是叛徒,因此他的成就在他们的著作中被忽视了。在一本鲜为人知的犹太空手道编年史中,可以找到一种关于沙欣·吉雷及其创新的完全不同的方法,从少数民族的角度呈现了一个额外的文化历史维度。本文的目的是分析造成帝国主义立场和少数民族观点之间差异的政治和社会文化因素。
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The Crimean Khan Şahin Giray (1777–1783): The First Modernizer of the Islamic World and his Image in Imperial and Minority Perspectives
The last Tatar khan in the Crimean Peninsula, Şahin Giray, lived during the period that saw the annexation of this Ottoman suzerainty by the Russian Empire. He is the first recorded Muslim ruler in history who tried to introduce a program of modernization based on contemporary European models, and his reforms concerned all spheres of Tatar society. In spite of his collaboration with the Russian Empire, Russian historiography is generally critical toward this khan and skeptical regarding his reforms. The Ottoman historians saw Şahin as a traitor, therefore his achievements were ignored in their writings. A completely different approach regarding Şahin Giray and his innovations can be found in a little-known Jewish-Karaite chronicle, presenting an additional cultural-historical dimension from the perspective of minorities. The purpose of the present article is to analyze political and socio-cultural factors of these distinctions between the imperial standpoint and minority perspective.
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来源期刊
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期刊介绍: The Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (JESHO) publishes original research articles in Asian, Near, Middle Eastern and Mediterranean Studies across history. The journal promotes world history from Asian and Middle Eastern perspectives and it challenges scholars to integrate cultural and intellectual history with economic, social and political analysis. The editors of the journal invite both early-career and established scholars to present their explorations into new fields of research. JESHO encourages debate across disciplines in the humanities and the social sciences. Published since 1958, JESHO is the oldest and most respected journal in its field. Please note that JESHO will not accept books for review.
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