目前针对SARS-CoV-2和新出现变体的分子诊断分析

4区 生物学 Q2 Medicine Methods in Microbiology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-09 DOI:10.1016/bs.mim.2021.10.003
Jonathan M Banks, Kristelle Capistrano, Pari Thakkar, Hemangi Ranade, Vaidik Soni, Manali Datta, Afsar R Naqvi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

自 SARS-CoV-2 病毒引发 COVID-19 大流行以来,全世界的科学家、政府官员和医疗保健专业人员都认识到,需要方便、经济、准确的检测方法来预测和遏制 COVID-19 的传播。在随后的几个月里,研究团队设计、测试并推出了数百种诊断检测方法,每种方法都有不同的采样方法、诊断技术和灵敏度水平。然而,传染性病毒仍在继续传播;SARS-CoV-2 通过空气中的微粒迅速传播,尽管诊断检测方法的使用范围不断扩大。随着大流行的持续,全球有数亿人感染了 COVID-19,数百万人死亡。由于感染人数众多,SARS-CoV-2 获得了许多复制和变异的机会,这些变异产生了传染性更强、更致命、更难诊断的病毒突变体。病毒基因组的每一次变化都给控制病毒带来了潜在的新挑战,因此,研究人员不断开发和改进检测方法,以跟上 COVID-19 的发展。在本章中,我们将研究大流行期间出现的几种 SARS-CoV-2 变异株。此外,我们还讨论了几类主要的 COVID-19 诊断技术,包括涉及实时 PCR、血清学、CRISPR 和电子生物传感器的技术。最后,我们讨论了 COVID-19 疫苗时代的 SARS-CoV-2 变体和诊断方法。
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Current molecular diagnostics assays for SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants.

Since the SARS-CoV-2 virus triggered the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists, government officials, and healthcare professionals around the world recognized the need for accessible, affordable, and accurate testing to predict and contain the spread of COVID-19. In the months that followed, research teams designed, tested, and rolled out hundreds of diagnostic assays, each with different sampling methods, diagnostic technologies, and sensitivity levels. However, the contagious virus continued to spread; SARS-CoV-2 travelled through airborne particles and spread rapidly, despite the widening use of diagnostic assays. As the pandemic continued, hundreds of millions of people contracted COVID-19 and millions died worldwide. With so many infections, SARS-CoV-2 received many opportunities to replicate and mutate, and from these mutations emerged more contagious, deadly, and difficult-to-diagnose viral mutants. Each change to the viral genome presented potential added challenges to containing the virus, and as such, researchers have continued developing and improving testing methods to keep up with COVID-19. In this chapter, we examine several SARS-CoV-2 variants that have emerged during the pandemic. Additionally, we discuss a few major COVID-19 diagnostic technique categories, including those involving real-time PCR, serology, CRISPR, and electronic biosensors. Finally, we address SARS-CoV-2 variants and diagnostic assays in the age of COVID-19 vaccines.

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来源期刊
Methods in Microbiology
Methods in Microbiology 生物-生化研究方法
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
15
审稿时长
>12 weeks
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