深度卷积神经网络中的数字表示

IF 2.8 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.1177/18344909211012613
Cihua Zhou, Wei Xu, Yujie Liu, Zhichao Xue, Rui Chen, Ke Zhou, Jia Liu
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引用次数: 4

摘要

列举环境中的物体(即“数感”)对许多动物物种的生存至关重要,也是人类构建更抽象、更复杂的数学知识的基础。也许令人惊讶的是,深度卷积神经网络(DCNNs)即使没有任何明确的数字估计训练,也会自发地产生类似的数字感。然而,关于数字感是如何产生的,以及它与人类数字感的可比性的程度,人们知之甚少。在这里,我们研究了数字低估效应,即数字感知作用于感知数字而不是物理数字的现象,是否可以在DCNNs中观察到。在典型的DCNN AlexNet中,我们发现后期层的数字选择单元像人类一样对感知数字进行操作。更重要的是,这种感性数字感并不是突然出现的,而是沿着DCNN的层次结构逐步发展的,从早期的物理数字感转变为后期的感性数字感。因此,我们的发现为人类大脑中数感的神经实现提供了重要的启示,并倡导未来的研究,以确定数的表征是否也沿着人类视觉流从物理数到感知数逐渐发展。
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Numerosity representation in a deep convolutional neural network
Enumerating objects in the environment (i.e., “number sense”) is crucial for survival in many animal species, and foundational for the construction of more abstract and complex mathematical knowledge in humans. Perhaps surprisingly, deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) spontaneously emerge a similar number sense even without any explicit training for numerosity estimation. However, little is known about how the number sense emerges, and the extent to which it is comparable with human number sense. Here, we examined whether the numerosity underestimation effect, a phenomenon indicating that numerosity perception acts upon the perceptual number rather than the physical number, can be observed in DCNNs. In a typical DCNN, AlexNet, we found that number-selective units at late layers operated on the perceptual number, like humans do. More importantly, this perceptual number sense did not emerge abruptly, rather developed progressively along the hierarchy in the DCNN, shifting from the physical number sense at early layers to perceptual number sense at late layers. Our finding hence provides important implications for the neural implementation of number sense in the human brain and advocates future research to determine whether the representation of numerosity also develops gradually along the human visual stream from physical number to perceptual number.
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来源期刊
Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology
Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
12
审稿时长
20 weeks
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