Eomakhaira molossus,智利安第斯山脉Cachapoal地区渐新世早期的一种新的剑齿雀形目(Metatheria:Thylacosmilinae)

IF 1.1 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION American Museum Novitates Pub Date : 2020-07-17 DOI:10.1206/3957.1
Russell K. Engelman, J. J. Flynn, A. Wyss, D. Croft
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引用次数: 9

摘要

摘要:Thylacosmiline sparassodons(以前被认为是乙基粘粒动物)是南美新生代特有哺乳动物中最具标志性的类群之一,因为它们具有独特的形态,与剑齿胎盘食肉动物趋同相似。然而,该类群的早期进化及其与其他雀形目的关系仍知之甚少,主要是因为只有高度特化的新第三纪分类群,如Thylacosmilus、Anachlysectis和Patagosmilus是众所周知的。在这里,我们描述了一种来自智利中部Cachapoal地区的新的古近系裂头龙,Eomakhaira molossus,这是阿巴尼科组渐新世早期地层中报道的第一种裂头龙。Eomakhaira与新第三纪的ethyacosmilines和古第三纪“proborhyaenids”都有共同的特征,系统发育分析将该分类单元恢复为Patagosmilus+Thylacosmilus分支的姐妹。反过来,这个更广泛的分支嵌套在传统上被称为Proborhyaenidae的群体中。我们的分析支持了先前关于甲基粘蛋白和传统上公认的透明质类之间密切关系的假设,并提供了迄今为止最有力的证据,证明甲基粘蛋白是透明质类(即,传统上使用的后一个名称指代一个异基因群)。为了反映这些分类群的国际性,我们建议使用Riggs(1933)的原名Thylacosmilinae作为不太包容的类群,使用Proborhyaenidae作为更包容的类群。剑齿在metatherians中只出现过一次(在乙基cosmilines中),这可能反映了与Metatherianes中犬科动物不安置有关的发育限制;hypselodonty可能已经放松了甲基粘粒蛋白的这种潜在限制。Eomakhaira在智利安第斯山脉渐新世早期地层中的出现表明,类囊动物的地层范围跨越了近3000万年,远远超过了剑齿胎盘谱系。
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Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
ABSTRACT Thylacosmiline sparassodonts (previously recognized as thylacosmilids) are among the most iconic groups of endemic South American Cenozoic mammals due to their distinctive morphology and convergent resemblance to saber-toothed placental carnivores. However, the early evolution of this group and its relationship to other sparassodonts remains poorly understood, primarily because only highly specialized Neogene taxa such as Thylacosmilus, Anachlysictis, and Patagosmilus are well known. Here, we describe a new Paleogene sparassodont, Eomakhaira molossus, from the Cachapoal locality of central Chile, the first sparassodont reported from early Oligocene strata of the Abanico Formation. Eomakhaira shares features with both Neogene thylacosmilines and Paleogene “proborhyaenids,” and phylogenetic analyses recover this taxon as sister to the clade of Patagosmilus + Thylacosmilus. This broader clade, in turn, is nested within the group conventionally termed Proborhyaenidae. Our analyses support prior hypotheses of a close relationship between thylacosmilines and traditionally recognized proborhyaenids and provide the strongest evidence to date that thylacosmilines are proborhyaenids (i.e, the latter name as conventionally used refers to a paraphyletic group). To reflect the internestedness of these taxa, we propose use of Riggs' (1933) original name Thylacosmilinae for the less inclusive grouping and Proborhyaenidae for the more inclusive one. Saber teeth arose just once among metatherians (among thylacosmilines), perhaps reflecting a developmental constraint related to nonreplacement of canines in metatherians; hypselodonty may have relaxed this potential constraint in thylacosmilines. The occurrence of Eomakhaira in strata of early Oligocene age from the Chilean Andes demonstrates that the stratigraphic range of thylacosmilines spanned almost 30 million years, far surpassing those of saber-toothed placental lineages.
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来源期刊
American Museum Novitates
American Museum Novitates 环境科学-动物学
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
6.70%
发文量
8
审稿时长
>36 weeks
期刊介绍: The Novitates (Latin for "new acquaintances"), published continuously and numbered consecutively since 1921, are short papers that contain descriptions of new forms and reports in zoology, paleontology, and geology.
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