马丁·海德格尔:中期作品

IF 0.8 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI:10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0425
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引用次数: 0

摘要

马丁·海德格尔(b.1889–d.1976)是20世纪哲学的核心人物。尤其是在他的早期作品中,最著名的是《存在与时间》(1927),海德格尔批判性地延续了埃德蒙·胡塞尔(b.1859-d.1938)开创的现象学传统。海德格尔的哲学以其自身的力量对许多重要的哲学家产生了重大影响,包括汉斯·格奥尔格·伽达默尔(b.1900-d.2002)、莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂(b.1908-d.1961)、汉娜·阿伦特(b.1906-d.1975)、保罗·里科(b.1913-d.2005)、米歇尔·福柯(b.1926-d.1984)、雅克·德里达(b.1930-d.2004)和理查德·罗蒂(b.1931-d.2007)。他的工作也影响了其他学科,如神学、文学和文化研究、艺术理论和建筑理论。海德格尔主要以其在形而上学和存在主义哲学方面的工作而闻名,但他也对广泛的哲学主题做出了大量的贡献,包括众多哲学史作者的研究。他的作品集德语版(Gesamtausgabe,或GA)包括出版的作品、讲座、研讨会和手稿。一旦完成,它将包括102卷。为了管理这些丰富的材料,海德格尔的哲学常常被划分为不同的时期。尽管如何划分这些时期本身就是一个学术争论的问题,但《牛津书目》将他的作品分为早期、中期和后期。这篇文章讲述了他思想的中期(大约1933年-1945年)。这与德国国家社会党的崛起不谋而合,海德格尔作为弗赖堡大学校长参与了该党的执政、第二次世界大战和大屠杀。尽管海德格尔很少直接讨论这些事件,但在考虑这一时期时,不应不考虑这些事件和当时的主流意识形态。这一时期,海德格尔主要关注的是艺术经验、历史哲学,尤其是西方哲学史。在这段时间里,海德格尔发表了一些重要的讲座和系列讲座,这些讲座后来被编辑。这些应该是任何阅读的起点。然而,他在这一时期的主要写作内容包括手稿、笔记和课程材料,这些内容更难评估。在使用这个参考书目时,一定要检查一下关于海德格尔作品早期和后期的条目。尽管海德格尔哲学关注的焦点发生了转移,但在他的作品中,许多主题仍然是相关的。研究海德格尔的学者们往往把他的发展作为一个整体来考虑,相关文献可能会被放在另一个条目中处理。本参考书目旨在包容海德格尔的思想流派和解读。它并不是详尽无遗的,而是试图在最近关于海德格尔的文献中为个体研究确定有用的起点。
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Martin Heidegger: Middle Works
Martin Heidegger (b. 1889–d. 1976) is a central figure in 20th-century philosophy. Especially in his early works, most notably Being and Time (1927), Heidegger critically continues the tradition of phenomenology inaugurated by Edmund Husserl (b. 1859–d. 1938). Heidegger’s philosophy has been a major influence on a number of important philosophers in their own right, including Hans-Georg Gadamer (b. 1900–d. 2002), Maurice Merleau-Ponty (b. 1908–d. 1961), Hannah Arendt (b. 1906–d. 1975), Paul Ricoeur (b. 1913–d. 2005), Michel Foucault (b. 1926–d. 1984), Jacques Derrida (b. 1930–d. 2004), and Richard Rorty (b. 1931–d. 2007). His work has also impacted other disciplines, such as theology, literary and cultural studies, art theory, and the theory of architecture. Heidegger is primarily known for his work in metaphysics and existential philosophy, but he has also made much-discussed contributions to a wide range of philosophical topics, including the study of numerous authors from the history of philosophy. The German edition of his collected works (Gesamtausgabe, or GA) includes published writings, lecture courses, seminars, and manuscripts. Once completed, it will include 102 volumes. To manage this rich material, Heidegger’s philosophy is often divided into different periods. Although how to demarcate these periods is itself a matter of scholarly debate, Oxford Bibliographies divides his work into an early, middle, and later period. This entry treats the middle period of his thought (roughly 1933–1945). It coincides with the rise to power of the German National Socialist Party, in which Heidegger was involved as rector of the University of Freiburg, the Second World War, and the Holocaust. Although Heidegger rarely addresses these events directly, this period in particular should not be considered without taking into account these events and the dominant ideologies of the time. Heidegger’s major concerns during this period are with the experience of art, the philosophy of history, and the history of Western philosophy in particular. Heidegger gives a few important lectures and lecture series during this time that were later edited. These should be the starting point for any reading. The major body of his writing during this period, however, consists of manuscripts, notes, and course materials, which are more difficult to assess. In using this bibliography, be sure to also check the entries on the early and later period of Heidegger’s works. Although the focus of Heidegger’s philosophical concern shifts, many themes continue to be relevant throughout his works. Often, scholars writing on Heidegger take into account his development as whole, and relevant literature may be treated in another entry. This bibliography aims to be inclusive with regard to schools of thought and interpretations of Heidegger. It is not exhaustive but rather an attempt to identify useful starting points for individual study within the more recent literature on Heidegger.
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PHILOSOPHY
PHILOSOPHY PHILOSOPHY-
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期刊介绍: Philosophy is the journal of the Royal Institute of Philosophy, which was founded in 1925 to build bridges between specialist philosophers and a wider educated public. The journal continues to fulfil a dual role: it is one of the leading academic journals of philosophy, but it also serves the philosophical interests of specialists in other fields (law, language, literature and the arts, medicine, politics, religion, science, education, psychology, history) and those of the informed general reader. Contributors are required to avoid needless technicality of language and presentation. The institutional subscription includes two supplements.
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