Carolyn Vellenga Berman的《狄更斯与纸时代的民主:代表人民》(评论)

IF 0.7 1区 文学 0 LITERATURE, BRITISH ISLES DICKENS QUARTERLY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI:10.1353/vpr.2023.a905143
John M. L. Drew
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引用次数: 0

摘要

1829年6月1日,在他谴责葡萄牙米格尔一世的绝对主义政权的长篇演讲中,帕默斯顿子爵对人类社会中权力的运作进行了令人难忘的描述(经特别许可插入汉萨德):“自然界中没有移动的力量,只有头脑,其他一切都是被动和惰性的;在人类事务中,这种力量是意见;在政治事务中,它是舆论;谁能掌握这种力量,谁就能用它征服体力的血肉之臂,迫使它实现自己的目的。”事实上,那些“知道如何利用人类的激情、利益和意见的人,能够获得优势,并对人类事务行使影响力,远远超过国家的权力和资源”(Hansard)1668)。帕默斯顿理所当然地认为,掌握这种权力的是政治家,但在他有生之年,几年后麦考利著名地称之为“第四阶层”的国家崛起,记者、报纸编辑,甚至通俗小说作家也受到了类似的影响,这让詹姆斯·菲茨詹姆斯·斯蒂芬爵士(1829-94)等建制派人士感到震惊,他们认为民主制度可能会因未经选举的民粹主义煽动者而受到危险的破坏:
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Dickens and Democracy in the Age of Paper: Representing the People by Carolyn Vellenga Berman (review)
In his lengthy speech condemning the Absolutist regime of Miguel I of Portugal on 1 June 1829, Viscount Palmerston gave a memorable account (inserted into Hansard by special permission) of the operation of power in human society: “There is in nature no moving power but mind, all else is passive and inert; in human affairs this power is opinion; in political affairs it is public opinion; and he who can grasp this power, with it will subdue the fleshly arm of physical strength and compel it to work out his purpose.” Indeed, those who “know how to avail themselves of the passions, and the interests, and the opinions of mankind, are able to gain an ascendancy, and to exercise a sway over human affairs, far out of proportion greater than belong to the power and resources of the state” (Hansard ) 1668). Palmerston took it for granted that it fell to statesmen to wield such power, but during his lifetime, the rise of what Macaulay a few years later famously dubbed the “Fourth Estate” of the realm saw journalists, newspaper editors, and even writers of popular fiction assuming a similar influence, to the consternation of Establishment figures like Sir James Fitzjames Stephen (1829–94), who felt democratic institutions could be dangerously undermined through being called to account by unelected populist rabble-rousers:
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来源期刊
DICKENS QUARTERLY
DICKENS QUARTERLY LITERATURE, BRITISH ISLES-
CiteScore
0.20
自引率
16.70%
发文量
33
期刊最新文献
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