水星故事:通过挥发性元素理解可持续性

IF 3.9 2区 社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Global Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI:10.1162/glep_r_00650
Azusa Uji
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引用次数: 4

摘要

在《水星故事》中,Henrik Selin和Noelle Eckley Selin介绍并应用了他们的原始系统理论,即人类-技术-环境(HTE)框架和说明性矩阵方法,来解决可持续性问题:水星系统。系统视角的基本思想是,“系统是单个组件的连接,这些组件一起产生了单独组件无法获得的结果”(19)。重要的是要共同研究社会、技术和环境因素及其相互作用,以真正理解可持续性系统。这本书敦促社会和自然科学家和工程师在自己的领域拓宽分析范围,同时从分析和经验上与可持续发展科学领域联系起来。作者提出了四个研究问题:与可持续性相关的系统的主要组成部分是什么?这些系统的组成部分以什么方式相互作用?行动者如何干预这些系统以改变其影响?通过分析这些系统可以得出什么见解?在解决这些问题时,他们将HTE框架应用于汞问题的不同方面:污染和管理、人类健康、大气、产品和工艺、手工小规模金矿开采以及汞。他们首先确定并分类了可持续性的五个系统组成部分:物质(人类、技术和环境组成部分)和非物质(制度和知识组成部分)。然后,通过它们的矩阵,他们确定了三种物质成分如何在两种非物质成分的背景下相互作用,这提供了多种相互作用途径。通过对汞的深入研究,结合了历史、社会和环境科学的证据,记录了相互作用的途径。例如,在商业中,通过在产品、工业过程和手工小规模金矿开采中的使用,汞被排放并释放到环境中(技术和环境组成部分之间的相互作用)。在特定的生态系统条件下,排放的汞会转化为甲基汞,甲基汞的毒性比元素汞大得多,并对包括人类在内的生物体产生不利影响(环境成分之间的相互作用)。
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Mercury Stories: Understanding Sustainability Through a Volatile Element
In Mercury Stories, Henrik Selin and Noelle Eckley Selin introduce and apply their original systems theory, a human–technical–environmental (HTE) framework coupled with an illustrative matrix approach, to an issue of sustainability: the mercury system. The underlying idea of the system perspective is that “a system is a connection of individual components that together produce results unobtainable by the components alone” (19). It is important to examine social, technological, and environmental factors and their interactions together to truly understand the sustainability system. This book urges social and natural scientists and engineers to broaden analytical scopes in their own fields, while analytically and empirically connecting with the field of sustainability science. The authors frame four research questions: What are the main components of systems relevant to sustainability? In what ways do the components of these systems interact? How can actors intervene in these systems to change their effects? What insights can be drawn from analyzing these systems? In addressing these questions, they apply the HTE framework to different aspects of the mercury issue: pollution and management, human health, the atmosphere, products and processes, artisanal small-scale gold mining, and mercury. They first identify and classify five system components of sustainability: material (human, technical, and environmental components) and nonmaterial (institutional and knowledge components). Then, via their matrix, they identify how the three material components interact with each other within the context of the two nonmaterial components, which provides multiple interaction pathways. Interaction pathways are documented by remarkably in-depth studies on mercury, which incorporate evidence from history and social and environmental sciences. For example, in commerce, through usage in products, industrial processes, and artisanal small-scale gold mining, mercury is emitted and released into the environment (an interaction between technical and environmental components). Under specific ecosystem conditions, discharged mercury is converted to methylmercury, which is much more toxic than elemental mercury and adversely affects living organisms, including humans (an interaction between environmental components).
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
8.30%
发文量
43
期刊介绍: Global Environmental Politics examines the relationship between global political forces and environmental change, with particular attention given to the implications of local-global interactions for environmental management as well as the implications of environmental change for world politics. Each issue is divided into research articles and a shorter forum articles focusing on issues such as the role of states, multilateral institutions and agreements, trade, international finance, corporations, science and technology, and grassroots movements.
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