Environmental status of the Danube commercial navigation: Serbia and the Danube border countries

The Danube navigation is geographically limited and subject to the effects of environmental change. On the other hand, the Danube commercial navigation is the point source of pollution with emissions of the Danube vessels and harbours, directly polluting the environment. The focus of this paper is the annual evaluation and calculation of air polluting emissions from fossil fuel consumption from the following types of the Danube fleet: push boats, pull boats, freight motor vessels and cruise passenger ships. Emissions from the Danube transport vessels are estimated by EMEP/EEA (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme/European Environment Agency) air pollutant emission inventory guidebook within Serbian-Croatian, Serbian and Serbian-Romanian sections of the Danube fairway on an average level. Emissions costs for all types of the Danube fleet (euro per vessel-kilometre) are estimated by the Practical guideline for realistic transport pricing depending on the population density close to the waterway: rural or urban area.