Dietary Factors Associated With Dyslipidemia Traits in Individuals With Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Background: Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. This increased risk can be partly explained by dyslipidemia traits, such as low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) or high levels of triglyceride (TG). However, the sex-based association has been rarely reported. The study aimed to investigate the association between dietary factors and dyslipidemia traits in individuals with IGT. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 124 female and 121 male with IGT. Demographic and biochemical parameters including body mass index, serum TG, HDL-C, and insulin resistance index were measured. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary intake was assessed. Results: Male had significantly higher TG and lower HDL-C levels as well as higher carbohydrate intake and significantly higher daily alcohol intake than female. The multiple regression analyses showed that alcohol intake positively correlated to the TG level, although carbohydrate intake negatively correlated to the HDL-C level in male. In female, carbohydrate intake positively correlated to the TG level and alcohol intake positively correlated to the HDL-C level. The carbohydrate intake is a predictor of the HDL-C level in male and a possible predictor of the TG level in female, whereas alcohol intake is a predictor of the TG and HDL-C levels in both male and female, respectively. Conclusions: These findings may facilitate the development of a sex-specific dietary strategy to improve dyslipidemia traits among individuals with IGT. J Endocrinol Metab. 2021;11(1):22-27 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jem721