玛雅语中的束缚与反Cataphora

IF 1.6 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Linguistic Inquiry Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI:10.1162/ling_a_00498
Justin Royer
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文研究了两种研究不足的玛雅语言Chuj和Ch'ol中共值名词表达式的分布问题。虽然Ch'ol在约束条件方面的表现完全符合预期,但Chuj似乎一贯容忍违反条件C的行为,经常将线性优先权作为R-表达和代词分布的决定因素。因此,Chuj数据最初似乎对将约束条件视为普遍条件的长期传统表示怀疑(例如,Grodzinsky和Reinhart 1993,Reuland 20102011)。我认为,如果与Ch'ol相反,Chuj表现出“高度绝对性”语法,独立提出解释玛雅语言子集中的许多形态句法现象,那么Chuj和Ch'ol之间的差异可以在很大程度上得到解释(Coon等人,2014;Coon等人2021)。高度绝对语法创建了内部自变量不对称地c命令外部自变量的配置,将原本期望的绑定关系从外部自变量渗透到内部自变量中。因此,Chuj违反条件C的行为是显而易见的。我进一步认为(I)Chuj中的线性优先效应是自由名词上更普遍的反cataphora约束的反射,这也可以证明适用于Ch’ol,以及(ii)Chuj的某些角落确实适用约束条件,在这种情况下,线性优先与共值名词的分布无关。这意味着绑定条件在Chuj中是活跃的,尽管语言的特殊句法特性往往使其无法应用。一般的教训是,尽管有初步证据怀疑约束条件的普遍性,但普遍主义方法不仅可以维持,而且得到了Chuj数据的支持。
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Binding and Anti-Cataphora in Mayan
This paper examines a puzzle pertaining to the distribution of covalued nominal expressions in two understudied Mayan languages, Chuj and Ch’ol. While Ch’ol behaves entirely as expected with regards to the binding conditions, Chuj appears to consistently tolerate violations of Condition C, often privileging linear precedence as the determining factor in the distribution of R-expressions and pronouns. The Chuj data therefore initially seem to cast doubt on a long tradition to treat the binding conditions as universal (e.g., Grodzinsky and Reinhart 1993, Reuland 2010, 2011). I argue that the difference between Chuj and Ch’ol can be largely explained if, contrary to Ch’ol, Chuj exhibits ‘high-absolutive’ syntax, independently proposed to account for a number of morphosyntactic phenomena in a subset of Mayan languages (Coon et al. 2014; Coon et al. 2021). High-absolutive syntax creates configurations in which the internal argument asymmetrically c-commands the external argument, bleeding otherwise expected binding relations from the external argument into the internal argument. The violations of Condition C in Chuj are thus only apparent. I further argue (i) that linear precedence effects in Chuj are a reflex of a more general anti-cataphora constraint on free nominals, which can also be shown to apply to Ch’ol, and (ii) that there are corners of Chuj where the binding conditions do apply, and that in such cases linear precedence is irrelevant for the distribution of covalued nominals. This means that the binding conditions are active in Chuj, even though idiosyncratic syntactic properties of the language often render their application impossible. The general lesson is that despite initial evidence to doubt the universality of the binding conditions, a universalist approach not only can be maintained, but is supported by the Chuj data.
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来源期刊
Linguistic Inquiry
Linguistic Inquiry Multiple-
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
12.50%
发文量
54
期刊介绍: Linguistic Inquiry leads the field in research on current topics in linguistics. This key resource explores new theoretical developments based on the latest international scholarship, capturing the excitement of contemporary debate in full-scale articles as well as shorter contributions (Squibs and Discussion) and more extensive commentary (Remarks and Replies).
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