尼日利亚西南部一家三级医院医护人员接触职业性血液和液体感染、意外伤害和预防措施

Adetoun A.O., Olanrewaju A.I., Temidayo O.A., Oluwasayo B.O.
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摘要

背景和目的:医护人员因暴露于受污染的血液和体液中的尖锐物、粘膜和皮肤造成经皮损伤,有感染血源性病原体的风险。因此,这项研究调查了尼日利亚西南部一家三级医院医护人员接触职业相关血液和液体感染、意外伤害和预防措施的情况。方法:该研究采用横断面研究设计,要求从医生、护士和实验室科学家/技术人员那里获得结构化问卷。通过方便抽样技术,共选择266名受访者进行研究。使用非参数描述性统计分析数据,卡方检验的显著性水平为5%。结果:医院绝大多数(76%)的医护人员是女性。研究发现,大多数受访者(92%)在职业生涯中接受过感染控制培训,而几乎所有受访者(98%)从未感染过职业相关感染。使用过的针头在工人易受意外伤害的活动中占24.4%。此外,针头回收与意外伤害的发生之间存在显著关联(P.V.=0.000)。同时,未报告的伤害发生率为70.3%,因为使用单样本卡方检验给出的所有原因都是显著的(P.V.=0.00)。结论:已经确定,感染控制培训、遵守明确的工作程序和指南、接触后预防和使用个人防护设备等预防措施与职业相关感染的减少有关。此外,虽然收回用过的针头是医院的常见做法,但在大多数医护人员中,这与意外伤害有关。不幸的是,由于某些重大原因,大多数受伤病例都没有报告。
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Exposure to Occupational-related Blood and Fluids Infections, Accidental Injuries and Precaution Practices among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Hospital in South-West, Nigeria
Background and Aim: Healthcare workers are at risk of infections from blood-borne pathogens due to percutaneous injuries from sharps, mucous membrane and skin exposures to contaminated blood and bodily fluids. The study, therefore, investigated exposure to occupational-related blood and fluids infections, accidental injuries and precaution practices among health care workers in a tertiary hospital in South-West, Nigeria. Methods: The study utilised a cross-sectional research design requiring a structured questionnaire to elicit data from medical doctors, nurses and laboratory scientists/technologists. Through the convenience sampling technique, 266 respondents were selected for the study. Non-parametric descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data with the level of significance of the chi-square test put at 5%. Results: The overwhelming majority (76%) of the health care workers at the hospital are of the female gender. The study found that the majority of the respondents (92%) were trained on infection control in the course of their career while virtually all of them (98%) had never contracted an occupational-related infection. Recapping of used needles accounted for 24.4% of activity that predisposed the workers to accidental injuries. Also, there was a significant association between the recapping of needles and the occurrence of accidental injuries (P.V. = 0.000). Meanwhile, the incidence of unreported injuries stood at 70.3% as all the reasons given were significant (P.V. = 0.000) using a one-sample chi-square test. Conclusion: It has been established that prevention practices like training in infection control, adherence to clear work procedures and guidelines, post-exposure prophylaxis and use of personal protective equipment were associated with contraction of occupational-related infections. Moreover, while recapping of used needles was a usual practice in the hospital, it was, however, associated with cases of accidental injuries among most health care workers. Unfortunately, most cases of injuries were unreported due to certain significant reasons.
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