干细胞衰老过程中的代谢调控

IF 2.3 Q4 CELL & TISSUE ENGINEERING Current Stem Cell Reports Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-23 DOI:10.1007/s40778-021-00186-6
Andrea Keller, Tyus Temple, Behnam Sayanjali, Maria M Mihaylova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

综述的目的:从无脊椎动物到脊椎动物,感知营养供应的能力对于生存至关重要。复杂的生物体进化出许多信号通路来感知营养物质和膳食波动,从而影响许多细胞过程。虽然营养物质的过度丰富和极度匮乏都会导致有害影响,但在许多模式生物中,在没有营养不良的情况下限制饮食可以延长寿命并促进整体健康。在这篇综述中,我们将重点讨论干细胞新陈代谢随年龄而发生的变化,以及在衰老过程中用于调节干细胞功能的饮食干预措施:在过去的半个世纪中,开创性的研究表明,饮食限制对许多模式生物的长寿具有有益的影响。现在,许多研究人员转而研究这些饮食在细胞水平上影响衰老的分子机制。其中一个特别令人感兴趣的细胞亚群是成体干细胞,它们是人体中最具再生能力的细胞。人们普遍认为,干细胞的再生能力会随着年龄的增长而下降,虽然不同组织对新陈代谢的要求各不相同,但饮食干预对干细胞功能的影响能力是惊人的。摘要:在这篇综述中,我们将主要关注新陈代谢如何在成人干细胞稳态中发挥与衰老有关的作用,特别强调肠道干细胞,同时也涉及造血干细胞、骨骼肌干细胞和神经干细胞。我们还将讨论受饮食限制和衰老过程影响的关键代谢信号通路,并研究它们在改善组织稳态和延长寿命方面的作用。了解干细胞新陈代谢需求背后的机制将有助于弥合干细胞功能基础科学解释与整个有机体营养观点之间的鸿沟,从而为潜在的饮食或治疗干预提供洞察力。
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Metabolic Regulation of Stem Cells in Aging.

Purpose of review: From invertebrates to vertebrates, the ability to sense nutrient availability is critical for survival. Complex organisms have evolved numerous signaling pathways to sense nutrients and dietary fluctuations, which influence many cellular processes. Although both overabundance and extreme depletion of nutrients can lead to deleterious effects, dietary restriction without malnutrition can increase lifespan and promote overall health in many model organisms. In this review, we focus on age-dependent changes in stem cell metabolism and dietary interventions used to modulate stem cell function in aging.

Recent findings: Over the last half-century, seminal studies have illustrated that dietary restriction confers beneficial effects on longevity in many model organisms. Many researchers have now turned to dissecting the molecular mechanisms by which these diets affect aging at the cellular level. One subpopulation of cells of particular interest are adult stem cells, the most regenerative cells of the body. It is generally accepted that the regenerative capacity of stem cells declines with age, and while the metabolic requirements of each vary across tissues, the ability of dietary interventions to influence stem cell function is striking.

Summary: In this review, we will focus primarily on how metabolism plays a role in adult stem cell homeostasis with respect to aging, with particular emphasis on intestinal stem cells while also touching on hematopoietic, skeletal muscle, and neural stem cells. We will also discuss key metabolic signaling pathways influenced by both dietary restriction and the aging process, and will examine their role in improving tissue homeostasis and lifespan. Understanding the mechanisms behind the metabolic needs of stem cells will help bridge the divide between a basic science interpretation of stem cell function and a whole-organism view of nutrition, thereby providing insight into potential dietary or therapeutic interventions.

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来源期刊
Current Stem Cell Reports
Current Stem Cell Reports Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Genetics
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
19
期刊介绍: The goal of this journal is to publish cutting-edge reviews on subjects pertinent to all aspects of stem cell research, therapy, ethics, commercialization, and policy. We aim to provide incisive, insightful, and balanced contributions from leading experts in each relevant domain that will be of immediate interest to a wide readership of clinicians, basic scientists, and translational investigators. We accomplish this aim by appointing major authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the discipline. Section Editors select topics to be reviewed by leading experts who emphasize recent developments and highlight important papers published over the past year on their topics, in a crisp and readable format. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of internationally diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research.
期刊最新文献
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