Abdominal aortic calcification in patients newly diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia.

Background: Although atherosclerosis is likely to be involved in the development of arterial thrombotic events in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET), abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has rarely been investigated. We evaluated the prevalence and clinical relevance of AAC at the time of ET diagnosis.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients newly diagnosed with ET who underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) at the time of diagnosis between January 2002 and December 2021 at Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea. CT images were reviewed and an aortic calcification score was assigned.

Results: Of the 94 patients (median age, 62 yr; range, 18‒90 yr), AAC was detected in 62 (66.0%). AAC was most commonly mild (33.0%), followed by moderate (22.7%) and severe (5.3%). Old age [odds ratio (OR), 34.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 12.32‒95.91; P＜0.001] was an independent risk factor for AAC. The patients with AAC had a higher WBC count (11.8±4.7 vs. 9.7±2.9×10⁹/L, P=0.017), higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (4.3±2.7 vs. 3.1±1.5, P=0.039), and higher JAK2V617F positivity (81.5% vs. 58.8%, P=0.020) compared to those without AAC. AAC was an independent risk factor for arterial thrombotic vascular events that occurred before or at diagnosis of ET (OR, 4.12; 95% CI, 1.11‒15.85; P=0.034).

Conclusion: AAC is common in patients with ET and is associated with arterial thrombotic events.