Albaris B. Tahiluddin , Enraida S. Imbuk , Jurmin H. Sarri , Hawie S. Mohammad , Fatima Nhidzlah T. Ensano , Maher M. Maddan , Bea S. Cabilin
{"title":"菲律宾南部的拟真金藻养殖","authors":"Albaris B. Tahiluddin , Enraida S. Imbuk , Jurmin H. Sarri , Hawie S. Mohammad , Fatima Nhidzlah T. Ensano , Maher M. Maddan , Bea S. Cabilin","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2023.103697","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Eucheumatoid seaweed farming (ESF) is an important enterprise that provides livelihood opportunities for tropical coastal communities. In this work, we surveyed the current practices of ESF in Tawi-Tawi and Sulu, southern Philippines, where major commercial ESF activities in the country are currently practiced. Seaweed farmers (N = 143) were interviewed using a structured questionnaire containing relevant information on the current farming practices. Results revealed that ESF is one of the primary livelihood sources for coastal inhabitants in the southern Philippines. Most farmers were male, 21–50 years old, and practiced farming for 6–10 years. Farmers mostly owned a farm with an area of 25–400 m<sup>2</sup>, mainly filled with the rhodophyte elkhorn sea mosses, either <em>Kappaphycus alvarezii</em> or <em>K. striatus.</em> Vegetative cuttings, the major seedling source, were tied using plastic straw into a 6–10 m rope line with a distance interval of 10–20 cm. Inorganic nutrient enrichment is practiced to increase growth and lessen ice-ice disease occurrence. The modified fixed-off bottom (stakes with floaters) is the most predominant farming method. Farms were visited 2–3 times a week for maintenance. Farming is year-round, with peak seasons between August and November. Harvesting is typically done after 21–30 days. Seaweeds are usually dried using the hanging method, which takes 4–6 days. Dried <em>Kappaphycu</em>s fronds command higher prices (90–140 PHP/kg) compared to <em>Eucheuma denticulatum</em> (10–50 PHP/kg). Few farmers received government support; therefore, farmers reported many problems affecting their production. This study provides an update on the current ESF practices in the southern Philippines, which have not been well-documented for almost two decades.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Eucheumatoid seaweed farming in the southern Philippines\",\"authors\":\"Albaris B. Tahiluddin , Enraida S. Imbuk , Jurmin H. Sarri , Hawie S. Mohammad , Fatima Nhidzlah T. Ensano , Maher M. Maddan , Bea S. Cabilin\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.aquabot.2023.103697\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Eucheumatoid seaweed farming (ESF) is an important enterprise that provides livelihood opportunities for tropical coastal communities. In this work, we surveyed the current practices of ESF in Tawi-Tawi and Sulu, southern Philippines, where major commercial ESF activities in the country are currently practiced. Seaweed farmers (N = 143) were interviewed using a structured questionnaire containing relevant information on the current farming practices. Results revealed that ESF is one of the primary livelihood sources for coastal inhabitants in the southern Philippines. Most farmers were male, 21–50 years old, and practiced farming for 6–10 years. Farmers mostly owned a farm with an area of 25–400 m<sup>2</sup>, mainly filled with the rhodophyte elkhorn sea mosses, either <em>Kappaphycus alvarezii</em> or <em>K. striatus.</em> Vegetative cuttings, the major seedling source, were tied using plastic straw into a 6–10 m rope line with a distance interval of 10–20 cm. Inorganic nutrient enrichment is practiced to increase growth and lessen ice-ice disease occurrence. The modified fixed-off bottom (stakes with floaters) is the most predominant farming method. Farms were visited 2–3 times a week for maintenance. Farming is year-round, with peak seasons between August and November. Harvesting is typically done after 21–30 days. Seaweeds are usually dried using the hanging method, which takes 4–6 days. Dried <em>Kappaphycu</em>s fronds command higher prices (90–140 PHP/kg) compared to <em>Eucheuma denticulatum</em> (10–50 PHP/kg). Few farmers received government support; therefore, farmers reported many problems affecting their production. This study provides an update on the current ESF practices in the southern Philippines, which have not been well-documented for almost two decades.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":8273,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Aquatic Botany\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-07-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Aquatic Botany\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304377023000827\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Aquatic Botany","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304377023000827","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Eucheumatoid seaweed farming in the southern Philippines
Eucheumatoid seaweed farming (ESF) is an important enterprise that provides livelihood opportunities for tropical coastal communities. In this work, we surveyed the current practices of ESF in Tawi-Tawi and Sulu, southern Philippines, where major commercial ESF activities in the country are currently practiced. Seaweed farmers (N = 143) were interviewed using a structured questionnaire containing relevant information on the current farming practices. Results revealed that ESF is one of the primary livelihood sources for coastal inhabitants in the southern Philippines. Most farmers were male, 21–50 years old, and practiced farming for 6–10 years. Farmers mostly owned a farm with an area of 25–400 m2, mainly filled with the rhodophyte elkhorn sea mosses, either Kappaphycus alvarezii or K. striatus. Vegetative cuttings, the major seedling source, were tied using plastic straw into a 6–10 m rope line with a distance interval of 10–20 cm. Inorganic nutrient enrichment is practiced to increase growth and lessen ice-ice disease occurrence. The modified fixed-off bottom (stakes with floaters) is the most predominant farming method. Farms were visited 2–3 times a week for maintenance. Farming is year-round, with peak seasons between August and November. Harvesting is typically done after 21–30 days. Seaweeds are usually dried using the hanging method, which takes 4–6 days. Dried Kappaphycus fronds command higher prices (90–140 PHP/kg) compared to Eucheuma denticulatum (10–50 PHP/kg). Few farmers received government support; therefore, farmers reported many problems affecting their production. This study provides an update on the current ESF practices in the southern Philippines, which have not been well-documented for almost two decades.
期刊介绍:
Aquatic Botany offers a platform for papers relevant to a broad international readership on fundamental and applied aspects of marine and freshwater macroscopic plants in a context of ecology or environmental biology. This includes molecular, biochemical and physiological aspects of macroscopic aquatic plants as well as the classification, structure, function, dynamics and ecological interactions in plant-dominated aquatic communities and ecosystems. It is an outlet for papers dealing with research on the consequences of disturbance and stressors (e.g. environmental fluctuations and climate change, pollution, grazing and pathogens), use and management of aquatic plants (plant production and decomposition, commercial harvest, plant control) and the conservation of aquatic plant communities (breeding, transplantation and restoration). Specialized publications on certain rare taxa or papers on aquatic macroscopic plants from under-represented regions in the world can also find their place, subject to editor evaluation. Studies on fungi or microalgae will remain outside the scope of Aquatic Botany.