Apollonian de Casteljau–type algorithms for complex rational Bézier curves

We describe a new de Casteljau–type algorithm for complex rational Bézier curves. After proving that these curves exhibit the maximal possible circularity, we construct their points via a de Casteljau–type algorithm over complex numbers. Consequently, the line segments that correspond to convex linear combinations in affine spaces are replaced by circular arcs. In difference to the algorithm of Sánchez-Reyes (2009), the construction of all the points is governed by (generically complex) roots of the denominator, using one of them for each level. Moreover, one of the bi-polar coordinates is fixed at each level, independently of the parameter value. A rational curve of the complex degree n admits generically n! distinct de Casteljau–type algorithms, corresponding to the different orderings of the denominator's roots.