Effects of Azanza garckeana and melatonin on serum biochemical and histopathological changes induced by chronic bisphenol-A administration in New Zealand rabbit bucks

The present investigation sought to elucidate the changes induced by Bisphenol A (BPA) on some organs, liver enzymes, lipid profiles and its amelioration by Azanza garckeana (AG) extract and melatonin. Adult New Zealand White rabbit bucks (N = 42), with average live weight of 1.2 ± 0.03 kg and aged 10–18 months were fed ad libitum on a commercial diet. They were randomly divided into seven groups of six (6) bucks each. Group A was administered distilled water (1.5 mL); group B, BPA (100 mg/kg); group C, AG (500 mg/kg); group D, melatonin (1.0 mg/kg); group E was pre-dosed for six weeks with BPA (100 mg/kg), then AG (500 mg/kg) for another six weeks; group F was pre-dosed for six weeks with BPA (100vmg/kg), then melatonin (1.0 mg/kg) for another six weeks; and group G was pre-dosed for six weeks with BPA (100 mg/kg), then AG (500 mg/kg) and melatonin(1.0 mg/kg) for another six weeks. BPA increased (p < 0.05) activities of AST (143.9 ± 25.3 U/mL), ALT (29.95 ± 4.9 U/mL), and concentrations of urea (22.72 ± 5.3 mg/dL) and creatinine (199.2 ± 17.6 U/mL) in group B compared to other groups. BPA increased (p < 0.05) concentrations of total cholesterol (27.34 ± 5.2 mmol/L), triglycerides (2.82 ± 0.5 mmol/L) and low-density lipoprotein (6.8 ± 0.4 mmol/L), but decreased in high density lipoprotein concentrations (1.95 ± 0.1 mmol/L) in group B when compared to other groups. In conclusion, AG and melatonin administration reduced the cytotoxic effects of BPA on hepatic tissue, through improving the liver and kidney function biomarkers and were confirmed by hepatic, renal, heart and lungs histopathological examinations.