Taxonomic and functional diversity of macroinvertebrates in sediment and macrophyte habitats: A case study, the Ibrahimia Canal, Nile River, Egypt

The taxonomic and functional diversities of macroinvertebrates are a critical indicator of ecosystem health. This study focuses on the taxonomic and functional diversities of the assemblage structure of macroinvertebrates in the Ibrahimia Canal, Egypt. They were compared across two different substrate habitats: sediment-associated and macrophytes-associated habitats. Significant variations in the taxonomic and biological trait community composition in the two substrate habitats were recorded, with high taxa abundance in sediment substrate and increased diversity in macrophyte substrate. In sediment substrates, burrow dweller and collector-filterer taxa were the main characteristics, while tube dweller and collector-gatherer were the main traits of macrophytes substrate. The taxonomic and functional indices tended to increase from sediment to macrophytes substrate; however, there was an increase in Rao’s quadratic entropy index (RaoQ) for sediment substrate habitat. Redundancy analyses explained the association between environmental factors and macroinvertebrate taxa and traits. Total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, chemical demand oxygen, and phosphate were the key environmental drivers of the taxonomic and functional diversities of macroinvertebrates. Integration between the approaches to taxonomic and functional diversity is recommended to give insight into explaining and managing the freshwater ecosystem.