Taiga Miyazaki MD, PhD , Katsuji Hirano MD , Kiyoshi Ichihara MD, PhD , Elisa Gonzalez MS , Bradford D. Gessner MD , Raul E. Isturiz MD , Pingping Zhang MS , Sharon Gray MS , Michael Pride PhD , Mark van der Linden PhD , Luis Jodar PhD , Takahiro Maeda MD, PhD , Shigeru Kohno MD, PhD , Adriano Arguedas MD , Goto City Pneumococcal Pneumonia Incidence Study Group
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In this study, we estimated the incidences of CAP and <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> CAP among Japanese adults between 2015 and 2020.</p></div><div><h3>Research Question</h3><p>What are the incidences of CAP and <em>S pneumoniae</em> CAP among Japanese adults? What are the common pneumococcal serotypes detected in patients with <em>S pneumoniae</em> CAP?</p></div><div><h3>Study Design and Methods</h3><p>This prospective population-based multicenter active surveillance study enrolled adults ≥ 18 years of age with clinically and radiologically confirmed CAP in Goto City, Japan. <em>S pneumoniae</em> was detected using standard-of-care blood and sputum cultures, BinaxNOW (Abbott), and serotype-specific urinary antigen detection assays.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 2,103 patients with CAP were enrolled; 84% were aged ≥ 65 years and 6.7% died during the study. The annual CAP, <em>S pneumoniae</em> CAP, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) serotype CAP, and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) serotype CAP incidences per 100,000 population were 1,280, 227, 63, and 110, respectively. <em>S pneumoniae</em> was detected in 17.8% of all patients with CAP by any detection method, with 4.9%, 5.5%, and 8.6% of cases of CAP resulting from PCV13, 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and PCV20 serotypes, respectively. Applying Goto’s incidence and case fatality rate to the Japanese population, assuming PCV20 has the same vaccine efficacy and duration of protection as PCV13 and if licensed in Japan for the prevention of CAP, the inclusion of PCV20 in the national immunization program for adults ≥ 65 years of age could prevent 29,036 cases of CAP and 2,275 CAP-related deaths per year.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>Given the substantial burden of preventable pneumococcal disease, introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in Japanese adults may be of merit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94286,"journal":{"name":"CHEST pulmonary","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article 100007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Community-Acquired Pneumonia Incidence in Adults Aged 18 Years and Older in Goto City, Japan\",\"authors\":\"Taiga Miyazaki MD, PhD , Katsuji Hirano MD , Kiyoshi Ichihara MD, PhD , Elisa Gonzalez MS , Bradford D. Gessner MD , Raul E. Isturiz MD , Pingping Zhang MS , Sharon Gray MS , Michael Pride PhD , Mark van der Linden PhD , Luis Jodar PhD , Takahiro Maeda MD, PhD , Shigeru Kohno MD, PhD , Adriano Arguedas MD , Goto City Pneumococcal Pneumonia Incidence Study Group\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.chpulm.2023.100007\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Few studies have measured the burden of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and pneumococcal vaccine-type CAP in Japan after the introduction of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine into the adult national immunization program for individuals aged ≥ 65 years in 2014. In this study, we estimated the incidences of CAP and <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> CAP among Japanese adults between 2015 and 2020.</p></div><div><h3>Research Question</h3><p>What are the incidences of CAP and <em>S pneumoniae</em> CAP among Japanese adults? What are the common pneumococcal serotypes detected in patients with <em>S pneumoniae</em> CAP?</p></div><div><h3>Study Design and Methods</h3><p>This prospective population-based multicenter active surveillance study enrolled adults ≥ 18 years of age with clinically and radiologically confirmed CAP in Goto City, Japan. <em>S pneumoniae</em> was detected using standard-of-care blood and sputum cultures, BinaxNOW (Abbott), and serotype-specific urinary antigen detection assays.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 2,103 patients with CAP were enrolled; 84% were aged ≥ 65 years and 6.7% died during the study. The annual CAP, <em>S pneumoniae</em> CAP, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) serotype CAP, and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) serotype CAP incidences per 100,000 population were 1,280, 227, 63, and 110, respectively. <em>S pneumoniae</em> was detected in 17.8% of all patients with CAP by any detection method, with 4.9%, 5.5%, and 8.6% of cases of CAP resulting from PCV13, 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and PCV20 serotypes, respectively. Applying Goto’s incidence and case fatality rate to the Japanese population, assuming PCV20 has the same vaccine efficacy and duration of protection as PCV13 and if licensed in Japan for the prevention of CAP, the inclusion of PCV20 in the national immunization program for adults ≥ 65 years of age could prevent 29,036 cases of CAP and 2,275 CAP-related deaths per year.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>Given the substantial burden of preventable pneumococcal disease, introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in Japanese adults may be of merit.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":94286,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"CHEST pulmonary\",\"volume\":\"1 2\",\"pages\":\"Article 100007\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-09-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"CHEST pulmonary\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949789223000077\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"CHEST pulmonary","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949789223000077","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Community-Acquired Pneumonia Incidence in Adults Aged 18 Years and Older in Goto City, Japan
Background
Few studies have measured the burden of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and pneumococcal vaccine-type CAP in Japan after the introduction of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine into the adult national immunization program for individuals aged ≥ 65 years in 2014. In this study, we estimated the incidences of CAP and Streptococcus pneumoniae CAP among Japanese adults between 2015 and 2020.
Research Question
What are the incidences of CAP and S pneumoniae CAP among Japanese adults? What are the common pneumococcal serotypes detected in patients with S pneumoniae CAP?
Study Design and Methods
This prospective population-based multicenter active surveillance study enrolled adults ≥ 18 years of age with clinically and radiologically confirmed CAP in Goto City, Japan. S pneumoniae was detected using standard-of-care blood and sputum cultures, BinaxNOW (Abbott), and serotype-specific urinary antigen detection assays.
Results
A total of 2,103 patients with CAP were enrolled; 84% were aged ≥ 65 years and 6.7% died during the study. The annual CAP, S pneumoniae CAP, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) serotype CAP, and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) serotype CAP incidences per 100,000 population were 1,280, 227, 63, and 110, respectively. S pneumoniae was detected in 17.8% of all patients with CAP by any detection method, with 4.9%, 5.5%, and 8.6% of cases of CAP resulting from PCV13, 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and PCV20 serotypes, respectively. Applying Goto’s incidence and case fatality rate to the Japanese population, assuming PCV20 has the same vaccine efficacy and duration of protection as PCV13 and if licensed in Japan for the prevention of CAP, the inclusion of PCV20 in the national immunization program for adults ≥ 65 years of age could prevent 29,036 cases of CAP and 2,275 CAP-related deaths per year.
Interpretation
Given the substantial burden of preventable pneumococcal disease, introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in Japanese adults may be of merit.
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