Daniel Moran-Zuloaga, Wilson Merchan-Merchan, Emilio Rodríguez-Caballero, Philip Hernick, Julio Cáceres, Mauricio H. Cornejo
{"title":"厄瓜多尔瓜亚基尔PM10和PM2.5的概况和季节性","authors":"Daniel Moran-Zuloaga, Wilson Merchan-Merchan, Emilio Rodríguez-Caballero, Philip Hernick, Julio Cáceres, Mauricio H. Cornejo","doi":"10.1007/s41810-021-00117-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The focus of this study is the assessment of total suspended particles (TSP) and particulate matter (PM) with various aerodynamic diameters in ambient air in Guayaquil, a city in Ecuador that features a tropical climate. The urban annual mean concentrations of TSP (Total Suspended Particles), and particle matter (PM) with various aerodynamic diameters such as: PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>1</sub> are 31 ± 14 µg m<sup>−3</sup>, 21 ± 9 µg m<sup>−3</sup>, 7 ± 2 µg m<sup>−3</sup> and 1 ± 1 µg m<sup>−3</sup>, respectively. Air mass studies reveal that the city receives a clean Southern Ocean breeze. Backward trajectory analysis show differences between wet and dry seasons. During the dry season, most winds come from the south and southwest, while air masses from the peri urban may contribute as pollutant sources during the wet season. Although mean values of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> were below dangerous levels, our year-round continuous monitoring study reveals that maximum values often surpassed those permissible limits allowed by the Ecuadorian norms. A cluster analysis shows four main paths in which west and southwest clusters account for more than 93% of the pollution. Total vertical column of NO<sub>2</sub> shows the pollution footprint is strongest during the dry season, as opposed to the wet season. A microscopic morphological characterization of ambient particles within the city during the wet and the dry season reveals coarse mode particles with irregular and rounded shapes. Particle analysis reveals that samples are composed of urban dust, anthropogenic and organic debris during the dry season while mainly urban dust during the wet season.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36991,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41810-021-00117-2","citationCount":"6","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Overview and Seasonality of PM10 and PM2.5 in Guayaquil, Ecuador\",\"authors\":\"Daniel Moran-Zuloaga, Wilson Merchan-Merchan, Emilio Rodríguez-Caballero, Philip Hernick, Julio Cáceres, Mauricio H. Cornejo\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s41810-021-00117-2\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The focus of this study is the assessment of total suspended particles (TSP) and particulate matter (PM) with various aerodynamic diameters in ambient air in Guayaquil, a city in Ecuador that features a tropical climate. The urban annual mean concentrations of TSP (Total Suspended Particles), and particle matter (PM) with various aerodynamic diameters such as: PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>1</sub> are 31 ± 14 µg m<sup>−3</sup>, 21 ± 9 µg m<sup>−3</sup>, 7 ± 2 µg m<sup>−3</sup> and 1 ± 1 µg m<sup>−3</sup>, respectively. Air mass studies reveal that the city receives a clean Southern Ocean breeze. Backward trajectory analysis show differences between wet and dry seasons. During the dry season, most winds come from the south and southwest, while air masses from the peri urban may contribute as pollutant sources during the wet season. Although mean values of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> were below dangerous levels, our year-round continuous monitoring study reveals that maximum values often surpassed those permissible limits allowed by the Ecuadorian norms. A cluster analysis shows four main paths in which west and southwest clusters account for more than 93% of the pollution. Total vertical column of NO<sub>2</sub> shows the pollution footprint is strongest during the dry season, as opposed to the wet season. A microscopic morphological characterization of ambient particles within the city during the wet and the dry season reveals coarse mode particles with irregular and rounded shapes. Particle analysis reveals that samples are composed of urban dust, anthropogenic and organic debris during the dry season while mainly urban dust during the wet season.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":36991,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Aerosol Science and Engineering\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2021-08-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41810-021-00117-2\",\"citationCount\":\"6\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Aerosol Science and Engineering\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41810-021-00117-2\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41810-021-00117-2","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Overview and Seasonality of PM10 and PM2.5 in Guayaquil, Ecuador
The focus of this study is the assessment of total suspended particles (TSP) and particulate matter (PM) with various aerodynamic diameters in ambient air in Guayaquil, a city in Ecuador that features a tropical climate. The urban annual mean concentrations of TSP (Total Suspended Particles), and particle matter (PM) with various aerodynamic diameters such as: PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 are 31 ± 14 µg m−3, 21 ± 9 µg m−3, 7 ± 2 µg m−3 and 1 ± 1 µg m−3, respectively. Air mass studies reveal that the city receives a clean Southern Ocean breeze. Backward trajectory analysis show differences between wet and dry seasons. During the dry season, most winds come from the south and southwest, while air masses from the peri urban may contribute as pollutant sources during the wet season. Although mean values of PM10 and PM2.5 were below dangerous levels, our year-round continuous monitoring study reveals that maximum values often surpassed those permissible limits allowed by the Ecuadorian norms. A cluster analysis shows four main paths in which west and southwest clusters account for more than 93% of the pollution. Total vertical column of NO2 shows the pollution footprint is strongest during the dry season, as opposed to the wet season. A microscopic morphological characterization of ambient particles within the city during the wet and the dry season reveals coarse mode particles with irregular and rounded shapes. Particle analysis reveals that samples are composed of urban dust, anthropogenic and organic debris during the dry season while mainly urban dust during the wet season.
期刊介绍:
ASE is an international journal that publishes high-quality papers, communications, and discussion that advance aerosol science and engineering. Acceptable article forms include original research papers, review articles, letters, commentaries, news and views, research highlights, editorials, correspondence, and new-direction columns. ASE emphasizes the application of aerosol technology to both environmental and technical issues, and it provides a platform not only for basic research but also for industrial interests. We encourage scientists and researchers to submit papers that will advance our knowledge of aerosols and highlight new approaches for aerosol studies and new technologies for pollution control. ASE promotes cutting-edge studies of aerosol science and state-of-art instrumentation, but it is not limited to academic topics and instead aims to bridge the gap between basic science and industrial applications. ASE accepts papers covering a broad range of aerosol-related topics, including aerosol physical and chemical properties, composition, formation, transport and deposition, numerical simulation of air pollution incidents, chemical processes in the atmosphere, aerosol control technologies and industrial applications. In addition, ASE welcomes papers involving new and advanced methods and technologies that focus on aerosol pollution, sampling and analysis, including the invention and development of instrumentation, nanoparticle formation, nano technology, indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring, air pollution control, and air pollution remediation and feasibility assessments.