理解证言在儿童道德发展中的作用:理论、争议和启示

IF 5.7 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Developmental Review Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI:10.1016/j.dr.2022.101053
Pearl Han Li , Melissa A. Koenig
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引用次数: 0

摘要

儿童和成年人一样,在单词学习、科学和宗教领域严重依赖他人的信息(Harris,Koenig,Corriveau&;Jaswal,2018)。然而,我们对证词如何影响儿童的道德思维知之甚少。事实上,许多心理学家认为,道德相对不受直接的证明影响,并强调儿童早期出现的道德能力和直觉(Haidt,2001;哈姆林,2013;斯梅塔纳,1981年)。这些说法与最近的哲学工作一致,即尽管证词是非道德信仰的可接受来源,但通过证词获得道德理解是有问题的(不对称论文,霍普金斯,2007)。证词真的不足以传递道德理解吗?为了解决这个问题,我们首先提请注意最近关于对道德证明持怀疑态度的哲学著作。然后,我们回顾了有关儿童道德发展和证明学习的文献,并认为证明在儿童获得道德理解方面发挥着不可或缺的作用。最后,我们讨论了如何通过理解一系列重要的区别(例如,不同的依赖程度、不同类型的证词、不同的成本和收益)来支持道德证词的研究,以帮助我们在道德领域进行证词学习的理论和实证工作。
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Understanding the role of testimony in children’s moral development: Theories, controversies, and implications

Children, much like adults, rely heavily on information from other people in the domains of word learning, science and religion (Harris, Koenig, Corriveau & Jaswal, 2018). However, we know much less about how testimony affects children’s moral thinking. In fact, many psychologists argue that morality is relatively impervious to direct testimonial influence, and emphasize children’s early emerging moral abilities and intuitions (Haidt, 2001; Hamlin, 2013; Smetana, 1981). These accounts are consistent with recent philosophical work holding that while testimony is an acceptable source for non-moral beliefs, it is problematic to acquire moral understanding via testimony (the asymmetry thesis, Hopkins, 2007). Is testimony really insufficient to transmit moral understanding?

In order to address this question, we first draw attention to recent philosophical work on skepticism towards moral testimony. We then review the literature on children’s moral development and testimonial learning and make the argument that testimony plays an indispensable role in children’s acquisition of moral understanding. Lastly, we discuss how the study of moral testimony could be supported by appreciating a set of important distinctions (e.g., different levels of dependence, different types of testimony, different costs and benefits) to aid our theorizing and empirical work on testimonial learning in the moral domain.

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来源期刊
Developmental Review
Developmental Review PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
3.00%
发文量
27
审稿时长
51 days
期刊介绍: Presenting research that bears on important conceptual issues in developmental psychology, Developmental Review: Perspectives in Behavior and Cognition provides child and developmental, child clinical, and educational psychologists with authoritative articles that reflect current thinking and cover significant scientific developments. The journal emphasizes human developmental processes and gives particular attention to issues relevant to child developmental psychology. The research concerns issues with important implications for the fields of pediatrics, psychiatry, and education, and increases the understanding of socialization processes.
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