A Galois–Dynamics Correspondence for Unicritical Polynomials

In an analogy with the Galois homothety property for torsion points of abelian varieties that was used in the proof of the Mordell–Lang conjecture, we describe a correspondence between the action of a Galois group and the dynamical action of a rational map. For nonlinear polynomials with rational coefficients, the irreducibility of the associated dynatomic polynomial serves as a convenient criterion, although we also verify that the correspondence occurs in several cases when the dynatomic polynomial is reducible. The work of Morton, Morton–Patel, and Vivaldi–Hatjispyros in the early 1990s connected the irreducibility and Galois-theoretic properties of dynatomic polynomials to rational periodic points; from the Galois–dynamics correspondence, we derive similar consequences for quadratic periodic points of unicritical polynomials. This is sufficient to deduce the non-existence of quadratic periodic points of quadratic polynomials with exact period 5 and 6, outside of a specified finite set from Morton and Krumm’s work in explicit Hilbert irreducibility.