用于催化CO2转化为增值化学品的多相催化剂

Ho Seok Whang, Jinkyu Lim, Min Suk Choi, Jonghyeok Lee, Hyunjoo Lee
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引用次数: 56

摘要

随着气候变化日益明显,减少包括二氧化碳在内的温室气体排放受到越来越多的关注。由于CO2在热力学上非常稳定,因此很难将其转化为CO、CH4或C2H4等增值化学品,因此开发有效的CO2转化催化剂是一项重要的工作。CO2可以通过气相反应、液相反应、光催化反应或电化学反应进行转化。气相反应包括用CO2和CH4对甲烷进行干重整,或用CO2和H2对CO2进行加氢。液相反应包括加压CO2和H2在水溶液中生成甲酸。光催化反应通常被称为人工光合作用,在光照射下由CO2和H2O产生化学物质。电化学反应可以利用电力从二氧化碳和水中产生化学物质。由于液相反应和光催化反应的效率低、耐久性差,本文对气相反应或电化学反应中使用的多相催化剂进行了讨论。因为气相反应需要很高的反应温度,达到600℃。°C,获得良好的耐久性是很重要的。介绍了设计具有良好活性和耐久性的催化剂的策略。对各种材料进行了电化学转化测试,结果表明,特定的金属可以产生特定的产物,例如CO可以产生Au或Ag,甲酸可以产生Sn或Bi, C2H4可以产生Cu。介绍了其他用于电化学CO2还原的非常规催化剂。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Heterogeneous catalysts for catalytic CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals

As climate change becomes increasingly evident, reducing greenhouse gases including CO2 has received growing attention. Because CO2 is thermodynamically very stable, its conversion into value-added chemicals such as CO, CH4, or C2H4 is difficult, and developing efficient catalysts for CO2 conversion is important work. CO2 can be converted using the gas-phase reaction, liquid-phase reaction, photocatalytic reaction, or electrochemical reaction. The gas-phase reaction includes the dry reforming of methane using CO2 and CH4, or CO2 hydrogenation using CO2 and H2. The liquid-phase reaction includes formic acid formation from pressurized CO2 and H2 in aqueous solution. The photocatalytic reaction is commonly known as artificial photo-synthesis, and produces chemicals from CO2 and H2O under light irradiation. The electrochemical reaction can produce chemicals from CO2 and H2O using electricity. In this review, the heterogeneous catalysts used for the gas-phase reaction or electrochemical reactions are discussed, because the liquid-phase reaction and photocatalytic reaction typically suffer from low productivity and poor durability. Because the gas-phase reaction requires a high reaction temperature of >?600?°C, obtaining good durability is important. The strategies for designing catalysts with good activity and durability will be introduced. Various materials have been tested for electrochemical conversion, and it has been shown that specific metals can produce specific products, such as Au or Ag for CO, Sn or Bi for formate, Cu for C2H4. Other unconventional catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction are also introduced.

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