LHCb的历史

IF 0.8 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2021-03-19 DOI:10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00002-z
I. Belyaev, G. Carboni, N. Harnew, C. Matteuzzi, F. Teubert
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引用次数: 8

摘要

在本文中,我们描述了近三十年来LHCb实验的历史,以及它所取得的显著成就和成就。LHCb最初被认为是一个\({b} \)物理实验,专门用于\(CP\)违例研究和非常罕见的\({{b}} \)衰变的测量;然而,\({c} \) -物理学的巨大潜力也是显而易见的。在最初的数据采集过程中,作为前沿区域通用探测器的实验的多功能性也变得显而易见,可以实现诸如电弱物理,射流和开放状态下的新粒子搜索等测量。这得益于探测器识别μ子和重建靠近主要\({{p}} {{p}} \) ?相互作用区域的衰变顶点的出色能力。到2018年LHC第2次运行结束时,在加速器暂停第二次长时间关闭之前,LHCb在重夸克系统中测量了CKM夸克混合矩阵元素和\(CP\)违和参数,达到了世界领先的精度。该实验还测量了许多罕见的\({b} \) ?和\({c} \) ?夸克介子和重子的衰变,它们的衰变低于标准模型的预期,有些甚至达到了10 \(^{-9}\)阶的分支比。此外,通过在夸克模型中已经预测到的许多新共振的发现,以及添加新的奇异的四和五夸克态,世界对\({{b}} \)和\({{c}} \)光谱学的了解得到了显著改善。本文描述了LHCb探测器从构想到目前运行的演变过程。然后,作者对实验的重要贡献进行了主观总结,展示了多年来取得成功的物理测量的广泛领域。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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The history of LHCb

In this paper, we describe the history of the LHCb experiment over the last three decades, and its remarkable successes and achievements. LHCb was conceived primarily as a \({b} \)-physics experiment, dedicated to \(CP\) violation studies and measurements of very rare \({{b}} \) decays; however, the tremendous potential for \({c} \)-physics was also clear. At first data taking, the versatility of the experiment as a general-purpose detector in the forward region also became evident, with measurements achievable such as electroweak physics, jets and new particle searches in open states. These were facilitated by the excellent capability of the detector to identify muons and to reconstruct decay vertices close to the primary \({{p}} {{p}} \)?interaction region. By the end of the LHC Run 2 in 2018, before the accelerator paused for its second long shut down, LHCb had measured the CKM quark mixing matrix elements and \(CP\) violation parameters to world-leading precision in the heavy-quark systems. The experiment had also measured many rare decays of \({b} \) ?and \({c} \) ?quark mesons and baryons to below their Standard Model expectations, some down to branching ratios of order 10\(^{-9}\). In addition, world knowledge of \({{b}} \) and \({{c}} \) spectroscopy had improved significantly through discoveries of many new resonances already anticipated in the quark model, and also adding new exotic four and five quark states. The paper describes the evolution of the LHCb detector, from conception to its operation at the present time. The authors’ subjective summary of the experiment’s important contributions is then presented, demonstrating the wide domain of successful physics measurements that have been achieved over the years.

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来源期刊
The European Physical Journal H
The European Physical Journal H HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE-PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
10.00%
发文量
13
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The purpose of this journal is to catalyse, foster, and disseminate an awareness and understanding of the historical development of ideas in contemporary physics, and more generally, ideas about how Nature works. The scope explicitly includes: - Contributions addressing the history of physics and of physical ideas and concepts, the interplay of physics and mathematics as well as the natural sciences, and the history and philosophy of sciences, together with discussions of experimental ideas and designs - inasmuch as they clearly relate, and preferably add, to the understanding of modern physics. - Annotated and/or contextual translations of relevant foreign-language texts. - Careful characterisations of old and/or abandoned ideas including past mistakes and false leads, thereby helping working physicists to assess how compelling contemporary ideas may turn out to be in future, i.e. with hindsight.
期刊最新文献
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