Immunosensors with Commercial Potential

Biosensors find application in such widely disparate fields as environmental monitoring and agricultural, chemical, food, and biomedical industries. One of the more prominent examples of a biosensor applicable in all these fields is an immunosensor, i.e., a sensor for either an antigen or an antibody based on the selective binding of antigen-antibody pairs or, in a broader sense, any sensor based on the pairing of a molecular recognition affinity pair. In this paper we review immunomethods with potential for development into a sensor. Issues such as direct versus indirect and homogeneous versus heterogeneous techniques and the relative merit of electrochemical versus optical sensors are given extra attention.