神经元可塑性的表观遗传基础:与人类染色体R/ g带边界的关联

Yoshihisa Watanabe, Masato Maekawa
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引用次数: 0

摘要

表观遗传机制已被认为在神经可塑性中发挥作用,特别是在学习和记忆形成方面,以及在一系列神经疾病中。除了表观遗传标记,人类基因组还包含可能影响神经可塑性和神经疾病的大规模区隔结构。这些结构是由GC%的数量和DNA复制时间的变化引起的,并在适当的染色后沿着染色体产生纵向分化(浅色带和深色带)。在这里,我们描述了我们目前对这些亮带和暗带之间边界(所谓的R/G边界)的生物学重要性的理解。我们提出,人类染色体上的R/ g带边界可以通过表观遗传机制改变,这些变化可能影响神经可塑性,这对记忆和学习很重要,也可能在与基因组不稳定性相关的神经疾病的发展中起作用。
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Epigenetic basis of neuronal plasticity: Association with R/G-band boundaries on human chromosomes

Epigenetic mechanisms have been suggested to have roles in neuroplasticity, in particular with regard to learning and memory formation, and in a range of neural diseases. In addition to epigenetic marks, the human genome also contains large-scale compartmentalized structures that might also influence neuroplasticity and neural disease. These structures result from variations in the amounts of GC% and in the timing of DNA replication and give rise to longitudinal differentiation (light and dark bands) along chromosomes after the appropriate staining. Here we describe our current understanding of the biological importance of the boundaries between these light and dark bands (the so-called R/G boundaries). We propose that the R/G-band boundaries on human chromosomes can be altered by epigenetic mechanisms, and that these changes may affect neuroplasticity, which is important to memory and learning, and may also have a role in the development of neural diseases associated with genomic instability.

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