中国成为中高收入国家后面临的挑战

IF 1.4 Q3 ECONOMICS CHINESE ECONOMY Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI:10.1080/10971475.2015.993174
Shunfeng Song
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引用次数: 7

摘要

经过30多年的改革开放,中国已成为仅次于美国的世界第二大经济体。按人均国内生产总值计算,中国已进入中高收入国家行列。根据世界银行的数据,中国的人均GDP(以当前美元计算)从2003年的1274美元增加到2012年的6091美元,中国的排名从2003年的125上升到2012年的79(世界银行,2014)。与许多其他中等收入国家类似,中国面临着巨大的挑战,包括收入不平等、地区差距、城乡差距、食品安全、环境污染、城市拥堵、政治腐败和社会混乱(Lu, 2011)。因此,学者们研究这些新的挑战,并为中国未来的发展提供有见地的政策建议是非常重要的。本期特刊收录了五篇文章,聚焦中国的收入不平等、食品安全、城市拥堵、知识产权保护和中国转型。第一篇文章《市场化进程与中国城镇居民收入差距的实证分析》,作者刘恒、赵志宏考察了市场化对收入差距的影响。各省的市场化进程由Fan, Wang, and Zhu(2011)开发的1997 - 2009年的市场指数来衡量。收入差距是用城市居民收入的基尼系数来衡量的。作者认为,中国的经济增长得益于市场化改革,但收入差距与市场化改革并行。因此,了解市场化进程与收入差距之间的关系具有重要意义。利用1997年至2010年的数据,该论文发现,中国城镇居民收入的基尼系数从0.22上升到0.31,增长率超过42%。如果包括农村居民,基尼系数会大得多。论文的结论是
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Challenges to China after Becoming an Upper-Middle Income Country
After more than three decades of economic reforms and opening-up, China has become the second largest economy in the world, after the United States of America. In terms of per capita GDP, China now is an upper-middle income country. According to the World Bank, China’s per capita GDP, measured in current U.S. dollars, increased from $1,274 in 2003 to $6,091 in 2012 and China’s ranking moved from 125 in 2003 up to 79 in 2012 (World Bank, 2014). Similar to many other middle-income countries, China faces significant challenges, including income inequality, regional disparity, rural-urban divide, food safety, environmental pollution, urban congestion, political corruption, and social disorder (Lu, 2011). Therefore, it is important for scholars to study the new challenges and provide insightful policy recommendations for China’s future development. This special issue collects five articles that focus on China’s income inequality, food safety, urban congestion, intellectual property right protection, and China’s transformation. The first article, “Empirical Analysis on the Marketization Process and the Urban Resident’s Income Gap in China,” by Heng Liu and Zhihong Zhao, examined the influence of marketization on income disparity. The marketization process in each province is measured by the market index from 1997 to 2009, developed by Fan, Wang, and Zhu (2011). Income disparity is measured by the Gini coefficient of urban residents’ income. The authors argued that China’s economic growth benefits from market-oriented reform but the income gap runs parallel with market-oriented reform. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship between the marketization process and the income gap. Using data from 1997 to 2010, the paper found that China’s Gini coefficient of urban resident income increased from 0.22 to 0.31, a growth rate of over 42 percent. If rural residents were included, the Gini coefficient would become much larger. The paper concluded that the
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来源期刊
CHINESE ECONOMY
CHINESE ECONOMY ECONOMICS-
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
15.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: The Chinese Economy offers an objective and analytical perspective on economic issues concerning China. It features research papers by scholars from around the world as well as selected translations of important articles from Chinese sources. The journal aims to provide expert insight on China"s economic development and directions for future research and policy analysis.
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