Review on lithium ion battery recycling: challenges and possibilities

ABSTRACT As technology keeps developing, India has become an emerging market in the world in consuming lithium-ion battery (LIB) in numerous applications such as portable electronics, energy storage system (ESS) and the latest into electric vehicles. The high-end consumption of such batteries would generate a significant quantity of end-of-life batteries in coming seven to eight years. Currently, there is no dedicated legislation or infrastructure to handle such waste stream, which could be beneficial economically, environmentally and socially. The present review explains the current situation of LIB recycling in India, the challenges and possibilities to adopt a recycling business in India. In addition, information about the importance of waste as a resource and the current government legislation about battery disposal and various process methodologies to recover the economically valuable metals in the discarded batteries are presented. Graphical abstract