印度河文明的社会组织与变迁作物加工的植物岩分析针对Masudpur VII

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Bioscience Horizons Pub Date : 2011-03-01 DOI:10.1093/BIOHORIZONS/HZR001
J. Bates
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引用次数: 3

摘要

印度河文明(公元前3至公元前2千年)主要通过对其城市的研究来理解。然而,大多数人口居住在农村,其物质遗存并不是考古研究的重点。人们对印度河文明社会组织的性质没有达成共识,对城市遗址和精英人工制品的关注意味着对城乡互动或城市化对农村腹地的影响的调查很少。粮食生产,特别是主要作物的生产,是城市与其周围村庄之间的关键联系之一。本文采用植物岩分析(phytotolith analysis)——一种利用显微植物二氧化硅识别植物及其组成成分的方法——来探讨城市的发展是否影响了印度河文明时期作物加工和交换的日常实践。这有助于确定以城市为中心的社会组织模式是否可以适用于城乡互动的所有方面。利用印度哈里亚纳邦马苏德普尔VII村遗址早期和成熟哈拉帕时期的样本,探讨了作物加工的目的、作物组合和当地的环境条件。这项研究得出的结论与假设的以城市为中心的模型相反,马苏德普尔七世的加工目的、作物组合的组成和当地的环境条件并没有因其附近的Rakhigarhi城市的发展而改变。本文表明,对古代文明的理解不能仅仅从研究它们最显眼的地方得出,特别是当大多数人生活在农村腹地时。
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Social organization and change in the Indus Civilization; phytolith analysis of crop processing aims at Masudpur VII
The Indus Civilization (3rd to 2nd millennium BC) has been understood primarily through the study of its cities. However, the majority of the population lived in rural villages whose material remains have not been the focus of archaeological research. There has been no consensus on the nature of the social organization of the Indus Civilization, and the focus on urban sites and elite artefacts has meant that there has been little investigation into urban–rural interactions or the impact of urbanization on rural hinterlands. Food production, particularly that of staple crops, is one of the key links between a city and the villages that surround it. This paper uses phytolith analysis, a method of identifying plants and their constituent components using microscopic plant silica, to explore if the development of the cities affected the daily practice of crop processing and exchange in the Indus Civilization. This helps to ascertain whether city-centralized models of social organization can be applied to all aspects of rural–urban interactions. Using samples from Early and Mature Harappan periods at the village site of Masudpur VII in Haryana, India, the aims of crop processing, the crop assemblage and the local environmental conditions have been explored. This study concludes that contrary to the assumed city-focused models, the aims of the processing, composition of the crop assemblage and the local environmental conditions at Masudpur VII were not altered by the development of the city of Rakhigarhi in close proximity to it. This paper demonstrates that an understanding of ancient civilizations cannot be accurately drawn from the study of only their most conspicuous sites, especially when most of the people lived in the rural hinterlands.
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Bioscience Horizons
Bioscience Horizons Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all)
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