难民流入对东道国的创业率有贡献吗?动态面板数据分析,2000-2019

Sajad Noorbakhsh, A. Teixeira
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究旨在估计难民流入对东道国创业率的影响。难民危机使科学和公共政策更加关注难民流入对东道国的影响。这种影响的一个尚未充分探讨的重要观点是难民流入对东道国创业率的影响。鉴于流入一些国家的难民人数众多,有必要评估这些国家在(本国和非本国)创业人才增强方面可能从难民流入增加中获益的程度。本研究基于2000年至2019年186个国家的动态(两步系统广义矩量法)面板数据估计,估计了难民流入对东道国创业率的影响,以总早期创业活动(TEA)率和自就业率衡量。总体而言,较高的难民流入与东道国较低的TEA率相关。然而,难民流入大大提高了“中高”和“高”收入东道国和非洲东道国的自营职业率。这些结果表明,难民流入往往会加强在低附加值、低利润部门经营的与“必要性”相关的新企业和/或新企业(来自本地和非本地人口)。原创性/价值本研究通过对不同国籍的难民在过去二十年中对不同东道国创业率的影响进行宏观经济定量评估,从而构成了一项新的实证贡献。该模型采用动态面板数据模型,能够解决各国的异质性并处理模型变量的内同性。
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Do refugee inflows contribute to the host countries’ entrepreneurial rates? A dynamic panel data analysis, 2000–2019
Purpose This study aims to estimate the impact of refugee inflows on host countries’ entrepreneurial rates. The refugee crisis led to an increased scientific and public policy interest in the impact of refugee inflows on host countries. One important perspective of such an impact, which is still underexplored, is the impact of refugee inflows on host countries entrepreneurial rates. Given the high number of refugees that flow to some countries, it would be valuable to assess the extent to which such countries are likely to reap the benefits from increasing refugee inflows in terms of (native and non-native) entrepreneurial talent enhancement. Design/methodology/approach Resorting to dynamic (two-step system generalized method of moments) panel data estimations, based on 186 countries over the period between 2000 and 2019, this study estimates the impact of refugee inflows on host countries’ entrepreneurial rates, measured by the total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) rate and the self-employment rate. Findings In general, higher refugee inflows are associated with lower host countries’ TEA rates. However, refugee inflows significantly foster self-employment rates of “medium-high” and “high” income host countries and host countries located in Africa. These results suggest that refugee inflows tend to enhance “necessity” related new ventures and/ or new ventures (from native and non-native population) operating in low value-added, low profit sectors. Originality/value This study constitutes a novel empirical contribution by providing a macroeconomic, quantitative assessment of the impact of refugee from distinct nationalities on a diverse set of host countries' entrepreneurship rates in the past two decades resorting to dynamic panel data models, which enable to address the heterogeneity of the countries and deal with the endogeneity of the variables of the model.
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CiteScore
6.30
自引率
8.30%
发文量
35
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