认识论的理由是规范性的吗?

IF 1.8 1区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY NOUS Pub Date : 2021-06-11 DOI:10.1111/NOUS.12379
Benjamin Kiesewetter
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引用次数: 13

摘要

根据一种广泛持有的观点,认知原因是信仰的规范性原因——就像审慎或道德原因是行为的规范性原因一样。然而,近年来,越来越多的作者质疑认知原因的规范性。在这篇文章中,我讨论了关于认知原因的反规范主义的一个重要挑战,并提出了一系列支持规范主义的论点。反规范主义面临的挑战是,如果不是规范的原因,那么认识的原因是什么。对于这个挑战,我讨论了各种各样的答案,发现它们都不尽如人意。规范主义的论证都强调行为的认知原因和规范原因之间的某种类比。就像行为的规范性理由一样,认识论理由提供了部分正当性;它们为正确推理提供前提;它们构成了它们作为理由的反应的良好基础;这些都是代理人可以在不犯错的情况下做出这些反应的原因。在每一种情况下,我都认为相关条件似乎足以证明一个理由的规范性,而且无论如何,规范主义都比反规范主义更能解释类比。
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Are epistemic reasons normative?
According to a widely held view, epistemic reasons are normative reasons for belief – much like prudential or moral reasons are normative reasons for action. In recent years, however, an increasing number of authors have questioned the normativity of epistemic reasons. In this article, I discuss an important challenge for anti-normativism about epistemic reasons and present a series of arguments in support of normativism. The challenge for anti-normativism is to say what kind of reasons epistemic reasons are if they are not normative reasons. I discuss various answers to this challenge and find them all wanting. The arguments for normativism each stress a certain analogy between epistemic reasons and normative reasons for action. Just like normative reasons for action, epistemic reasons provide partial justification; they provide premises for correct reasoning; they constitute good bases for the responses they are reasons for; and they are reasons for which agents can show these responses without committing a mistake. In each case, I argue that the relevant condition is plausibly sufficient for the normativity of a reason, and that normativism is in any case in a much better position to explain the analogy than anti-normativism.
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来源期刊
NOUS
NOUS PHILOSOPHY-
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
4.80%
发文量
34
期刊介绍: Noûs, a premier philosophy journal, publishes articles that address the whole range of topics at the center of philosophical debate, as well as long critical studies of important books. Subscribers to Noûs also receive two prestigious annual publications at no additional cost: Philosophical Issues and Philosophical Perspectives.
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