Colicinogeny and related phenomena.

INTRODUCTION .............................................................. TWO MAJOR GROUPS OF COLICIN FACTORS .............................. Relationships at the Level of Plasmid DNA.................................... Recombination Between Col Factors and Other Plasmids ...................... SURVIVAL OF COL FACTORS IN BACTERIAL CELLS: ADAPTATION TO THE HOST CELL ENVIRONMENT ............................................ Host Range................................................................. Experimental Approaches to the Problem ..................................... Regulation of the Number of Col Factors per Cell ............................. Functions Contributed by Hosts and by Col Factors ........................... Intermediates ................................................................ Incompatibility .............................................................. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE FERTILITY SYSTEMS OF COL FACTORS Sex Pili ..................................................................... Fertility Inhibition .......................................................... Exclusion ................................................................... Transfer of Chromosomal Genes .............................................. Transfer of Group I Col Factors .............................................. COLICINS .................................................................... Relationships Between Colicins.............................................. Colicin Synthesis in Relation to Lysogeny................................... EFFECTS OF COLICINS ON SENSITIVE BACTERIA ....................... Analogous Systems .......................................................... Initial Contact with the Cell: Receptors ....................................... Effects of Colicins on the Cytoplasmic Membrane ............................. Comparable Effects of Other Proteins......................................... Action of Colicins E3-CA38 and E2-P9 ........................................ Immunity to the Effects of Colicins, Bacteriophages, Bacteriophage Ghosts, and Sex Pili ................................................................... ECOLOGY OF COL FACTORS AND COLICINS.............................. Methods of Study ............................................................ Investigations Using Gnotobiotic Animals ..................................... Succession of Strains in the Intestine ......................................... Colicins and Disease ........................................................ Significance of Colicins Outside the Intestine ................................. ECOLOGY OF OTHER BACTERIOCINS ................................... Streptococcus ................................................................ Staphylococcus. Pseudomonas ................................................................ Pasteurella .................................................................. Neisseria .................................................................... CONCLUDING REMARKS .................................................... LITERATURE CITED .........................................................