预防、应对、合作

Antonio Coco, T. Dias
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引用次数: 2

摘要

虽然疾病爆发在某种程度上仍然是不可预见的,但国际法提供了一个全面的法律框架,要求各国预防其有害后果,有效应对随之而来的卫生紧急情况,并为实现这些目标进行合作。这一贡献表明,在这个框架内,许多规则采取了“尽职调查”义务的形式。适当注意的义务虽然本身具有灵活性以适应不同的能力和情况,但对各国具有约束力。它们规定了按照“善政”标准行事的义务:一个国家必须尽最大努力实现某些共同目标。至少有五套建立尽职调查义务的关键规则与Covid-19疫情有关:a)“无伤害”原则;B)国际灾难法;c)《国际卫生条例》;D)国际人权法;e)国际人道主义法。我们初步确定了各国为防止新的疫情爆发和应对大流行病而需要采取的一些行动,同时评估对适用规则的遵守情况。我们的结论是,在当前大流行期间吸取的惨痛教训应促使采取更果断的行动,预防和应对未来的突发公共卫生事件。
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Prevent, Respond, Cooperate
While disease outbreaks remain to a certain extent unforeseeable, international law provides a comprehensive legal framework requiring States to prevent their harmful consequences, effectively respond to ensuing health emergencies, and cooperate in achieving those aims. This contribution shows that, within this framework, many rules take the form of ‘due diligence’ obligations. Obligations of due diligence, albeit inherently flexible to accommodate different capabilities and circumstances, are binding on States. They impose a duty to act according to a standard of ‘good governance’: a State must employ its best efforts to realise certain common goals. At least five key sets of rules establishing due diligence duties are relevant to the Covid-19 outbreak: a) the ‘no-harm’ principle; b) international disaster law; c) the International Health Regulations; d) international human rights law; and e) international humanitarian law. We preliminarily identify some of the actions required from States to prevent new outbreaks and respond to the pandemic, whilst assessing compliance with applicable rules. We conclude that hard lessons learned during the current pandemic should spur more decisive action to prevent and address future public health emergencies.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
11.10%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: The Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies is a peer reviewed journal aimed at promoting the rule of law in humanitarian emergency situations and, in particular, the protection and assistance afforded to persons in the event of armed conflicts and natural disasters in all phases and facets under international law. The Journal welcomes submissions in the areas of international humanitarian law, international human rights law, international refugee law and international law relating to disaster response. In addition, other areas of law can be identified including, but not limited to the norms regulating the prevention of humanitarian emergency situations, the law concerning internally displaced persons, arms control and disarmament law, legal issues relating to human security, and the implementation and enforcement of humanitarian norms. The Journal´s objective is to further the understanding of these legal areas in their own right as well as in their interplay. The Journal encourages writing beyond the theoretical level taking into account the practical implications from the perspective of those who are or may be affected by humanitarian emergency situations. The Journal aims at and seeks the perspective of academics, government and organisation officials, military lawyers, practitioners working in the humanitarian (legal) field, as well as students and other individuals interested therein.
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